One of the so-called rhetoric that the United States launched its economic and trade war with China is to label China’s economic system with a brand that is not new — — "State capitalism". This view holds that China’s socialist market economy is not a real market economy, and China is a state-led economy that practices protectionism and mercantilism. Its main basis is that China implements state-owned economy, government intervention, industrial policies, and so on. In fact, this is not the first time that the West has labeled China’s economic model as "state capitalism". Behind the theory of "state capitalism" mentioned by some people, the deep-seated reasons for their economic and trade war against China are actually hidden, that is, the road dispute and the system dispute.

　　First, who is the real "state capitalism"

　　What exactly is "state capitalism"? If we understand its connotation and essence, we can see the truth of some people’s hype about this topic.

　　State capitalism, a concept put forward by Lenin, is used to describe the stage characteristics of capitalist development, which shows that the role of the state is constantly increasing in the process of capitalist development, and it mainly includes two meanings: first, it refers to the control of state power over enterprises, and "state capitalism is a kind of capitalism in which state power directly controls these or those capitalist enterprises under the capitalist system". Second, it refers to the state’s supervision and regulation of capitalist economic development. "Monopoly capitalism is changing to state monopoly capitalism. Due to the situation, many countries implement social regulation of production and distribution." According to the current "state capitalism" theorists, state capitalism and liberal capitalism are two diametrically opposed forms of capitalism. However, by examining historical facts, we can find that the emergence and development of capitalism has never been separated from the role of the state. In the story of the so-called "rise of the western world", the state plays an extremely important role. When Marx talked about primitive accumulation of capital in Das Kapital, he clearly pointed out that the factors of British capital accumulation "were systematically integrated into colonial system, national debt system, modern tax system and protective tariff system at the end of 17th century. Some of these methods are based on the most brutal violence, such as the colonial system. But all these methods use state power, that is, centralized and organized social violence,To vigorously promote the transformation process from feudal mode of production to capitalist mode of production and shorten the transition time. " After the establishment of the capitalist system, the principles of free competition and free trade have gradually gained a dominant position, but the intervention of capitalist countries in the economy has not subsided. In fact, free trade and protectionism, free competition and state intervention are intertwined, which is a main line in the evolution of the capitalist system. Some western capitalist countries that have risen in history, including Britain, France, Germany, the United States, Japan, etc., have played an extremely important role in economic development during their economic take-off stage. At the end of the 19th century, driven by the second industrial revolution, the concentration of production and capital accompanied by the socialization of production developed rapidly, capitalism entered the monopoly stage from free competition, and production and economic activities were increasingly concentrated in a few large capitals, resulting in an obvious monopoly trend. In particular, the position of financial capital in economic life was constantly improved, which not only controlled the economic lifeline of the country, but also began to grasp the political power of the country and penetrated its influence into all aspects of social life. During the two world wars, monopoly capitalism was further transformed into state monopoly capitalism. After the Second World War, capitalist countries have fully intervened in economic life from the aspects of production, distribution, exchange, consumption, etc., through various means such as fiscal policy, monetary policy, income policy, industrial policy, science and technology policy, environmental policy and nationalization, and their intervention in the economy has been unprecedentedly strengthened, and their integration with monopoly capital has become increasingly close.The development of capitalism has officially entered the stage of state monopoly capitalism. After the 1980s, neo-liberalism became the administrative philosophy of the British and American governments, and the state’s intervention in the economy was challenged to some extent, but it never withdrew from the historical stage.

　　Although the United States is known as the representative of free market economy and free capitalism, in fact, the role of the state in economic development is also very obvious and important. Historically, the United States is the birthplace and base camp of modern trade protectionism. From the founding of the People’s Republic of China to the end of World War II, it has been implementing trade protectionism policies. The once famous "American School" in the history of economic theory is famous for its distinctive protectionism and other state intervention propositions. After the Second World War, the United States began to promote trade liberalization for its own interests, but the state’s intervention in the economy increased. Keynesian economics became the mainstream of American economics and once dominated the formulation of national economic policies. For example, the proportion of total US government expenditure in GDP rose from 26.8% in 1960 to 41.3% in 2010; The number of American government employees increased from more than 4 million in 1940 to more than 22 million in 2010. Some experts who study innovation point out that as an advocate of small government and free market theory, the United States has been implementing large-scale public investment plans in technology and innovation for decades, thus laying the foundation for its past and present economic success. From the Internet to biotechnology and even shale gas development, the US government has always been the core driver of innovation-led growth. Therefore, the United States is a typical representative of an "entrepreneurial country", and any other country in the world wants to imitate the American model.They should act according to the actual behavior of the United States, not according to the American statement. After the outbreak of the international financial crisis in 2008, the United States once again offered the magic weapon of state intervention and launched a large-scale financial rescue plan and fiscal stimulus plan to stabilize the economy and promote growth. After the Trump administration came to power, it vigorously implemented national interventionist policies such as trade protection, immigration restrictions, and industrial return. In order to achieve the goal of "US priority", it did not hesitate to sacrifice the interests of people all over the world.

　　It can be seen that the so-called pure free market economy and free capitalism have never really existed, and the existing capitalism is inseparable from state capitalism. Samuelson, an American economist, clearly pointed out in his book Economics that in all developed industrialized societies, we all see a mixed economy, that is, the market determines the price and output of most private sector products, while the government uses tax, expenditure and monetary management plans to regulate the operation of the overall economy. Niall ferguson, a famous economic historian, pointed out in his article We Are All State Capitalists that it is too simplistic and wrong to attribute the competition between China and the United States to the global institutional competition between state capitalism and the free market. Obviously, to label socialist China and Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s market economy as "state capitalism" is really arrogant, and this "laurel" China can’t afford it.

　　Second, what is the intention of the "state capitalism" theorists?

　　After the international financial crisis in 2008, developed capitalist countries such as Europe and the United States fell into economic difficulties, while countries such as China remained strong, especially the rise and fall of the relative strength between China and the United States, which made the internal contradictions of developed countries and the structural contradictions with emerging economies such as China in the world economic system more and more prominent. On the one hand, it is impossible for some countries to turn a blind eye to the rapid development of China; on the other hand, they are even more reluctant to attribute China’s success to the socialist system led by communist party. Thus, a category originally proposed by Lenin belongs to socialist political economy rather than western economics — — "State capitalism" has become an exclusive concept used by some people to explain and attack emerging market economies such as China. Former US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton once claimed that the rise of "state capitalism" constituted an economic and strategic challenge to the United States. Ian Bremer, an American scholar, put forward in the book The End of Free Market: Who Won the War between Countries and Companies published in 2010 that the conflict between "state capitalism" and "free capitalism" in emerging economies such as China is essentially a war between emerging economies and private companies in developed countries. In January 2012, The Economist published a series of articles entitled "The Rise of State Capitalism"."State capitalism" subsequently became the theme of the debate in the Davos Forum. "State capitalism", a category of political economy, seems to have been transformed into a major challenge related to system, politics and ideology in the West. At present, the intensity of the economic and trade war launched by the United States is unprecedented, and its theoretical and public opinion bases have not deviated from the track of so-called "anti-state capitalism". The topic of "state capitalism" once again thrown by some American politicians is just the same old tune. The difference is that "anti-state capitalism" seems to have become a paranoid idea among some American politicians, and it is trying to turn it into a series of trade hegemonic policies against China.

　　The purpose of "state capitalism" theorists is very clear, that is, to use the opposition between so-called "state capitalism" and "liberal capitalism" to defend capitalism and create public opinion to curb the development of developing countries, especially China. On the one hand, it tries to shift and cover up people’s doubts about the profound drawbacks of the capitalist system, and attribute the crisis of the capitalist system caused by the basic contradictions of capitalism to the threat of "state capitalism". On the other hand, he directed his finger at Socialism with Chinese characteristics, tried his best to distort, discredit and slander China’s socialist market economic system, tried to shake people’s confidence in Socialism with Chinese characteristics system and socialist market economic system, forced China to give up the successful road and system proved by practice, and finally curbed China’s development.

　　Historical experience is worth noting. On the issue of "state capitalism", some countries have always implemented double standards: when they need state support for capital accumulation, they will resort to protectionism and state intervention; When it has obvious competitive advantages, it requires other countries to unconditionally open their markets and forcibly promote free trade to profit from it; When its competitive advantage slowly disappeared due to the catch-up of the late-developing countries, it once again raised the banner of trade protectionism. On the one hand, make use of free trade in the world market to give full play to the advantages of domestic monopoly capital over backward countries, and strive to maintain the monopoly position of domestic capital in the market and technology; On the other hand, take various protectionist measures to curb the capital of other countries — — Whether it is state-owned capital or private capital — — Competition, impact and catch-up. This kind of economic logic pretends to be ideological "orthodoxy" and interprets the advantages of competitors as ideological "heresy". Liszt, the representative of the German historical school, used the saying of "drawing a ladder" to make a wonderful metaphor for this trick: when a person has climbed to the peak, he will kick off the ladder he used when climbing gradually, so as not to let others follow him.

　　There are always people who try to bring China into the capitalist pedigree, or take it for granted that China’s market economy will automatically enter the capitalist pedigree. At that time, when China decided to implement the socialist market economy system, some people always asked such questions, saying that it was good for China to develop a market economy, but why did you put the word "socialism" in front of it? They always felt uncomfortable and uncomfortable with these words. When Socialism with Chinese characteristics is on a par with western capitalism in a better and better development state, some of them would rather stick to their old discourse system and interpret China as "state capitalism" than admit that the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system and the socialist market economy have great vitality and achieved success that they do not want to see. This is the essence and logic of their argument of "state capitalism".

　　Third, distorting the socialist market economic system with economic hegemonism

　　Western capitalist countries have always regarded the market economy as their own exclusive and patent, which seems to be a "truth" in western economic theory. But market economy and capitalism are two different things. Market economy is a way of resource allocation, which can be combined with both the capitalist system and the socialist system. The capitalist market economy and the socialist market economy have something in common in the way of resource allocation and the relationship between commodity economy. For example, they all require market players to maintain equal competition, have clear property rights relations, and give play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation. The trade and investment activities between China and capitalist countries, including the United States, are essentially based on the commonness of market economy. At present, the macro-control policies implemented in China are also in line with the laws of the market economy and the provisions of the WTO.

　　At the same time, we must see that market economy is a social and historical concept, which has different characteristics in different social systems and historical development stages. Developing countries are different from developed countries, socialism is different from capitalism, and they are also developed capitalist countries. There are also so-called "Anglo-— The difference between Saxon model and Rhine model. Socialist market economy is a new type of market economy, which not only has the general characteristics of market economy, but also is fundamentally different from capitalist market economy in ownership structure, distribution system and institutional mechanism. Confusing the social system with the market economy, the generality of the market economy with the particularity of the market economy, denying that China is practicing the market economy by the role of the government and the existence of state-owned enterprises, and then recognizing that China is practicing "state capitalism" is an outdated understanding of the market economy mistakes.

　　It is also untenable to equate state-owned enterprises with "state capitalism". State-owned enterprises are an institutional form adapted to modern mass production, which exists in both capitalist and socialist societies. In fact, state-owned enterprises first appeared in western capitalist countries. After the Second World War, some developed capitalist countries set off a large wave of nationalization and established a large number of state-owned enterprises, which spread all over the national economy. Even at the peak of privatization, western countries still retained a considerable scale of state-owned enterprises. During the outbreak and deepening of the international financial crisis in 2008, western countries nationalized a large number of enterprises to cope with the economic depression caused by the financial crisis. It can be seen that the state-owned enterprises in western countries also have the function of regulating the basic contradictions of capitalism to a certain extent. However, we should also see that the nature and role of state-owned enterprises are different with different social systems. State-owned enterprises in western countries are essentially controlled by a few big capitalists behind the government, and ultimately serve them to make profits. In the socialist market economy, state-owned enterprises are owned by the whole people, and they are an important force to promote national modernization and safeguard the common interests of the people. They shoulder many important tasks such as providing public services, developing important forward-looking strategic industries, protecting the ecological environment, supporting scientific and technological progress, ensuring national security, promoting fair distribution, and achieving common prosperity. They are of a socialist nature. Many kiss the baby for the nurse’s sake. The fundamental reason why some western politicians attacked China’s state-owned enterprises,It is China’s state-owned enterprises that keep improving, becoming stronger and bigger, which can better provide a reliable guarantee for China’s development, for China to build itself into a socialist modern power in an all-round way and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, which they are extremely unwilling to see.

　　It is even more incredible to equate the role of the government with "state capitalism". The relationship between the government and the market is the theme of the evolution of the modern market economy system. They complement each other and are inseparable, which is the objective law of the development of the market economy under the conditions of socialized mass production. Whether it is a capitalist market economy or a socialist market economy, it is inseparable from the effective regulation of the government, including formulating market rules, providing public goods, maintaining macroeconomic stability, improving the social security system, and safeguarding national economic security. The difference is that the capitalist market economy is based on private ownership, and the government is the spokesman of capital and serves the interests of monopoly capital. Therefore, it is difficult to make effective adjustments to economic and social development from the interests of the whole society, so as to overcome the basic contradiction between socialization of production and capitalist private ownership of means of production and solve the problems of market failure and market defects. The socialist market economy is dominated by public ownership, and the government is the representative of all the people and serves the interests of the people. Therefore, it is possible to effectively regulate and control economic and social development from the overall social situation and long-term interests, so as to promote sustained and healthy economic development, meet the growing needs of the people for a better life, and achieve common prosperity for all the people.

　　In a word, the difference between the socialist market economy and the capitalist market economy is not whether the market plays a decisive role in resource allocation, nor whether the government plays a role or not, but whether the state-owned enterprises exist or not, but whether it takes capital as the center and serves monopoly capital or people as the center and serves the people.

　　The logic of the theory of "state capitalism" advocated by some people is: in a capitalist market economy, as long as the state intervenes in the economy to serve private ownership and capital interests, then no matter how much government intervention, it belongs to the "free market system", while in a socialist market economy, as long as communist party’s leadership and socialist system are adhered to, no matter how much government intervention, it belongs to the "state capitalism"; If western countries support their own enterprises to enter the international market, it belongs to the "free market system", and if emerging market countries support their own enterprises, it belongs to "state capitalism". This is a typical economic hegemonic logic.

　　Four, the socialist revolution and construction of "state capitalism" problem

　　From the historical development process, socialism and "state capitalism" are not unrelated. From the perspective of Marxism, "state capitalism" is a historical category with historical conditions for its emergence, development and decline. Marxism not only profoundly reveals the nature of state capitalism under the capitalist system, but also creatively explores the nature and development prospects of state capitalism under the socialist conditions and how to treat and utilize capitalism scientifically.

　　Lenin first put forward the important idea of using state capitalism to move towards socialism, and the category of state capitalism began to enter the vision of socialist economic theory. He believes that under the condition that small farmers account for the majority of the population, it is impossible to implement a direct transition from small-scale production to socialism, but state capitalism should be used as an intermediate link between small-scale production and socialism to promote the development of socialism. State capitalism under socialist conditions is capitalism that can be restricted and its scope can be specified. It is a positive and beneficial economic component of socialism, which is conducive to enhancing the interests of the broad masses of people, including concession system, cooperative system, purchasing agency system and lease system.

　　In the early days of the founding of New China, the Communist Party of China (CPC) also put forward the idea of completing socialist transformation through state capitalism. Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out: "Most of China’s present capitalist economy is managed by the people’s government, linked with the state-owned socialist economy in various forms, and supervised by workers. This capitalist economy is no longer an ordinary capitalist economy, but a special capitalist economy, that is, a new state capitalist economy. It mainly exists not for the profits of capitalists, but for the needs of the people and the country. " Because of this, this new state capitalist economy has a strong socialist nature and is beneficial to the people and the country. It can be seen that the state capitalism produced under this specific historical condition is only a way of transition from capitalism to socialism and a special form of socialist transformation of national capitalism. China’s practice shows that once the socialist transformation is completed, the basic socialist system with public ownership as the main body is established, and the socialist society is entered, state capitalism, as a transitional economic form, has completed its historical mission and withdrawn from the historical stage.

　　Since the reform and opening up, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has set out from reality, based on China’s basic national conditions, persisted in liberating and developing the productive forces, successfully initiated and developed Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s roads, theories, systems and culture, established and constantly improved the basic economic system in the primary stage of socialism with public ownership as the mainstay and diversified ownership economies developing together, and successfully realized the historic transformation from a highly centralized planned economic system to a dynamic socialist market economic system. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core and under the scientific guidance of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has adhered to the people-centered development thought, thoroughly implemented the new development concept, made the market play a decisive role in the allocation of resources, better played the role of the government as the direction, focused on improving the property rights system and the market-oriented allocation of factors, comprehensively deepened the economic system reform, constantly improved the Socialism with Chinese characteristics economic system and the Socialism with Chinese characteristics market economic system, and promoted high-quality development. China insists on building a community of human destiny, building an open world economy, actively participating in and promoting the process of economic globalization, and has taken a series of major measures to open up to the outside world, such as greatly relaxing market access, creating a more attractive investment environment, strengthening intellectual property protection and actively expanding imports, so as to promote the formation of a new pattern of all-round opening up. Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s economic system and Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s market economic system have not only brought into play the advantages of the market economy, but also the superiority of the socialist system.It has achieved the organic combination of government and market, fairness and efficiency, development and stability, autonomy and openness, promoted sustained and healthy economic and social development, and achieved great achievements that have attracted worldwide attention, which not only benefited all China people, but also made important contributions to the development and progress of mankind. This is Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s great achievement, which has nothing to do with the so-called "state capitalism". Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s economic system and Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s market economic system are China’s wisdom and China’s plan created by the people of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and China to explore a more reasonable social system, and they are great pioneering works in the history of human social system development. The Communist Party of China (CPC) led the people of China out of the bright road of Socialism with Chinese characteristics and will never take the wrong road of "state capitalism"; The people of China will firmly unite and forge ahead along this road that has achieved great success, and move from victory to greater victory.

Many countries in the world are facing the challenge of dengue fever epidemic, especially in Brazil. As of May 4, more than 4.27 million suspected and confirmed cases have been recorded this year, accompanied by 2,197 deaths. In response, Brazil took action to build a Wolbach Bacillus biological factory in belo horizonte on April 29th, hoping to curb the spread of dengue fever by releasing mosquitoes carrying the bacteria.

Paraguay has also been seriously affected. Since September last year, the number of confirmed cases of dengue fever has climbed to 42,775, and the death toll has reached 98. Argentina and Uruguay also reported a significant increase in cases, with 379,341 cases and 804 cases respectively, with 280 people and 3 deaths respectively. The situation in Indonesia is also not optimistic, with more than 62,000 cases of dengue fever and 475 deaths, an increase of about three times compared with the same period last year, and China citizens have been confirmed to be infected.

The epidemic season of dengue fever usually begins in May, which mainly affects the southern provinces of China, such as Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Fujian and Zhejiang. It is characterized by strong import, suddenness, rapid spread, high incidence and general susceptibility. This is an acute insect-borne infectious disease spread by the bite of Aedes mosquitoes, which is mainly prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, especially in Southeast Asia, the Western Pacific and America. After a patient or a recessive infected person is bitten by a mosquito, it takes 8 to 10 days for the mosquito to reproduce the virus before it can be transmitted to humans again.

The key to prevent dengue fever lies in mosquito control, including wearing light-colored long-sleeved clothes and using mosquito repellent to avoid stagnant water areas when outdoors; At home, it is necessary to remove stagnant water, keep the environment ventilated and dry, use screen doors, screens and mosquito nets, and use mosquito-killing products if necessary. At present, although there is no specific therapeutic drug, timely medical intervention can effectively control symptoms and prevent complications, and most patients can fully recover. Therefore, if there are symptoms such as high fever, three red signs (flushing on face, neck and chest), three pains (headache, joint pain and muscle pain) and rash, you should seek medical attention in time to avoid delaying treatment.

　　Absrtact: The essence of political ecology is to maintain the dynamic balance between political power and individual rights, and to study political phenomena, political problems and their political laws. Party member often serves as a leading cadre and a grass-roots public official. Because of the lack of system monitoring and restriction of public power in his hands, it leads to political corruption, which seriously damages the balance of political ecology. It is not conducive to safeguarding the fundamental interests of the people, is contrary to the "initial heart" of our party, is detrimental to "the foundation of building the party, the foundation of governance and the source of strength", and is also not conducive to the modernization of China’s national governance system. Only by correctly grasping a series of dialectical relations, such as ideological party building and institutional party management, party discipline and national law anti-corruption, party member cadre power and mass democratic rights, party member cadre power and responsibility, political risk and benign political ecology, can we purify the inner-party political ecology and build a clean and upright inner-party political ecology.

　　Keywords: political ecology; Strictly manage the party in an all-round way; dialectical relationship

　　Comrade Supreme Leader has emphasized on various occasions that in order to strengthen Party building, it is necessary to create a "beautiful" political ecology, "beautiful natural ecology and beautiful political ecology". On June 28th, 2016, when the Supreme Leader presided over the thirty-third collective study in the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, he once again emphasized the theoretical and practical significance of building a "serious inner-party political life and a healthy and clean inner-party political ecology". Not long ago, the Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee once again profoundly summed up our party’s historical experience in developing inner-party political life, thoroughly analyzed the new situation and new challenges faced by strictly administering the party in an all-round way, adhered to the problem orientation, adhered to a strategic plan, adhered to the unity of inheritance and innovation, deliberated and adopted Several Guidelines on Inner-party Political Life under the New Situation and Regulations on Inner-party Supervision in the Communist Party of China (CPC), comprehensively strengthened and standardized the norms of inner-party political life, and improved the inner-party democratic system and inner-party supervision.

　　In recent years, "political ecology" has become a hot word for officials and academics, and academic works and news reports on "political ecology" or anti-corruption governance are endless. Recently, Bao Xinjian and other scholars have used the term "optimizing the inner-party political ecology", which is reasonable, but this article will still use the term "purifying the inner-party political ecology". So, what are the concepts and characteristics of political ecology? What challenges does the inner-party political ecology in China face at present? What dialectical relationships do we need to grasp to purify the inner-party political ecology under the new normal?

　　First, on the concept of "political ecology" and other core issues.

　　1. Administrative ecology, ecological politics and political ecology.

　　In 1961, the book "Administrative Ecology" published by Fred Riggs was cited as a typical ecology of public administration’s works. In 1989, Wang Huning published the book Administrative Ecology Analysis in Fudan University Press, and in 1998, he published Administrative Ecology. However, administrative ecology and political ecology are completely different concepts.

　　Eco-politics and political ecology originated from the eco-political movement. In fact, they are two concepts related to the relationship between man and nature, involving a transformation process from "witch charm" (man fears nature) and "disenchantment" (man conquers nature) to "re-enchantment" (returning to the harmonious state between man and nature), which is a political philosophical reflection on the gradual ecologicalization of anthropocentrism. The former emphasizes the politics of ecology, focusing on the word "ecology", while the latter emphasizes the ecology of politics, focusing on the word "politics". The replacement of the words "ecology" and "politics" leads to the completely different meanings of ecological politics and political ecology. Western political ecology research is comprehensive, systematic and profound; China’s research in this field is in the early stage of development, which is relatively weak, but it is developing rapidly, and the research team is growing stronger and stronger, and the research is more in-depth, systematic and comprehensive. [2] In this regard, Zhang Qunhui, a doctoral student at Xiamen University, gave a detailed introduction to the origin, definition, characteristics, foreign research cases and China practice of political ecology. [3]

　　2. Inner-party political ecology and anti-corruption

　　Building a clean and honest party style and anti-corruption work are important contents and measures to strictly manage the Party in an all-round way and purify the political ecology within the Party. In essence, the reform and construction of anti-corruption system is a historical topic and a worldwide problem related to the logic of human nature and system, power and rights, interests and values.

　　Professor Yu Keping and his team always pay attention to the idea of democratic governance, and "he is one of the most prestigious thinkers in China about Chinese democratic theory and the most important scholar about intellectuals’ good governance discourse in China", and he has made many suggestions for China’s anti-corruption governance, with remarkable results. Professor He Zengke has been paying attention to and studying the issue of anti-corruption governance, and is the author of "The Cancer of Politics — — A Study on Corruption in Developing Countries, A New Way to Fight Corruption — — More than 10 books, such as A Study on Corruption in the Transition Period in China, put forward some important concepts such as selective punishment, soft restraint of law and discipline, institutional trap and cheap politics.

　　As early as 2007, Liu Jingxi published The Theory of Political Ecology — — An ecological investigation of political development, and later published some academic papers that systematically studied the theory of political ecology. Among them, the paper on the construction of the theoretical system of political ecology was considered representative by Professor Sun Guanhong [4]. In 2013, Professor Zhang Guoqing’s "Research on Social Governance" investigated the theory of social governance and the exploration and practice of social governance in China from the perspective of political philosophy in recent ten years, and put forward anti-corruption concepts such as "universal supervision" and "micro-governance" [5] (P570-585). Professor Chen Guoquan published The Theory of Power Restriction and Supervision, and put forward the countermeasures to establish the power restriction system and power supervision system. In 2014, Xia Meiwu published the book "Research on Contemporary China’s Political Ecological Construction" based on the doctoral thesis of Soochow University. This book borrowed almond’s structural and functional analysis method to systematically analyze the theoretical origin, practical path and practical effect evaluation of contemporary China’s political ecological construction. In 2015, Professor Bao Xinjian defined and distinguished "political ecology" and "optimizing inner-party political ecology" in Guangming Daily. [6]

　　Not long ago, Professor Sun Guanhong’s "Anti-corruption from the Perspective of Political Ecology: On the Relationship between Individuals and the State" combed the context of the concept of "political ecology" and made a detailed investigation on its core issues. Long Taijiang and AARON Li’s Anti-corruption of Party Discipline: Value, Problems and Function Development, Yuan Feng’s Study on the Unit Mechanism of Purifying the Political Environment of Public Officials, and Xia Yuanyong’s Causes and Governance Mechanism of Small Officials’ Greedy discuss the mechanism of purifying the political ecology from the microscopic levels of Party discipline, political unit environment and grassroots political ecology.

　　3. The necessary evaluation of political ecology research

　　Domestic research on political ecology and inner-party political ecology is moving from macro to meso and micro, from abstract to concrete, and from learning foreign concepts to concepts with China characteristics, which not only deepens and refines the research content, but also innovates the research methods, making important theoretical contributions to the study of inner-party political ecology. It is worth noting that there is still a tendency to confuse different concepts such as ecological politics and political ecology in academic circles, so we need to be vigilant and strictly distinguish them in order to accurately and scientifically grasp the true connotation of political ecology. Professor Bao Xinjian made a scientific and accurate definition of political ecology and inner-party political ecology in combination with the specific situation of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s ruling party, and we agree with him. Professor Sun Guanhong has clearly defined the concept of political ecology, and presciently pointed out that the core issue of political ecology is "the political balance between individual rights and state power" and that "the ultimate goal of anti-corruption should be to prevent the abuse of state power, thus ensuring the legitimate realization of citizens’ individual rights". This judgment is not only accurate, but also worthy of deep thinking and expansion. Yu Keping, He Zengke, Chen Guoquan, Liu Jingxi, Long Taijiang, AARON Li and other scholars have made great contributions to the anti-corruption governance mechanism. Scholars such as Zhang Guoqing, Yuan Feng and Xia Yuanyong have further refined and discussed the grassroots anti-corruption governance mechanism. Based on this, this paper will focus on the challenges faced by the current inner-party political ecology in China.Then discuss what dialectical relations need to be grasped in order to purify the inner-party political ecology under the new normal.

　　Second, the current challenges facing the inner-party political ecology

　　"Anti-corruption is not a ‘ Sports ’ Revolution, but the combination of palliative and permanent cure, corruption can not be completely eradicated in a certain period of social development, it will be hidden in our daily life and administrative process for a long time, for this, the relevant departments performing supervision and inspection functions and the general public should be more aware of our ‘ Anti-corruption action ’ There is a long way to go. Therefore, we should do a good job in supervision and reporting, and earnestly fulfill the right of supervision and reporting entrusted by the Constitution and laws. At the same time, we should also treat corruption and corruption rationally. Corruption is a global problem, and it is also a problem that must be faced when the society develops to a certain stage at a high speed. Today’s established developed countries with high corruption index, such as Sweden and the Netherlands, have also faced serious corruption problems in the process of industrialization and urbanization. Therefore, we should realize that corruption is the inevitable product of social development at this stage, just like the pain caused by setbacks that people must face in the process of growing up. For China’s political ecology, citizens should also have hope and confidence in it, and firmly believe that there is a long way to go, the road is tortuous and the prospects are bright. " [7](P152) Under the premise of such political awareness and referring to the current academic research results, we believe that the current political ecology within the party mainly faces the following major challenges:

　　1. Institutional corruption is serious, the functions of anti-corruption agencies are scattered, and the construction of party discipline and state law anti-corruption system is still difficult.

　　With the increasing anti-corruption efforts, the cases of official corruption are increasing, and scholars who were optimistic about anti-corruption have begun to reflect, thinking that the increase in the number of corrupt people and cases is rooted in institutional problems, which can be said to be institutional corruption, rather than simple human nature problems. Of course, the system problem mentioned here does not refer to the fundamental socialist system problem, but to the specific and detailed system problem, in other words, the system problem.

　　At present, the functions of anti-corruption institutions such as the Commission for Discipline Inspection, supervision and judicial organs are too scattered and repetitive, and it is difficult to form a joint anti-corruption force. It is difficult to resolutely investigate and deal with many corruption cases. In addition, thousands of years of traditional official culture, hidden rules and Chinese interpersonal relationships in China have become popular, which has seriously hindered the healthy development and virtuous circle of the inner-party political ecology.

　　As always, the Party and the country attach great importance to the construction of anti-corruption and judicial anti-corruption system. Although the corruption situation has improved, it has not been fundamentally reversed, and it is still necessary to "wade through mountains and rivers" from "palliative" to "radical". "China’s corruption is still at a medium level in the world and belongs to a relatively corrupt country. At present, corruption has emerged in China ‘ Privileged corruption ’ ‘ Small officials are greedy ’ And other new features, among which, ‘ Small officials are greedy ’ It also presents ‘ Collective crime ’ ‘ The means of committing crimes are becoming more and more concealed ’ ‘ The amount involved is getting bigger and bigger ’ ‘ The suspects are getting younger and younger ’ And other new features. " [8] From this point of view, the construction of anti-corruption system of party discipline and state law still has a long way to go.

　　2. The construction of prevention, monitoring and punishment mechanism for important fields and key positions is lagging behind, resulting in some public doubts about the party’s social governance ability and the government’s credibility.

　　How to establish a scientific and effective mechanism for selecting and employing people, especially how to make the nomination procedures and information of candidates open and transparent, has always been a major problem. In order to exercise democratic rights, the masses must first obtain open and transparent effective information to prevent being misled by wrong information or invalid information. In real life, the masses often can’t get effective information and make correct decisions, and they know little about how candidates are nominated and the consequences after voting, which leads to the fact that once candidates are elected as leading cadres, their power can’t be fully supervised by society and the masses.

　　At present, China is in the critical period of comprehensively deepening the reform of the economic and political system, and the situation at home and abroad is complex and changeable. China’s economic and social development faces a series of difficulties and challenges, especially "education, employment, social security, medical care, housing, ecological environment, food and drug safety, safe production, social security, law enforcement and justice, etc." [9] A series of livelihood and development issues are particularly prominent. The construction of prevention, monitoring and punishment mechanisms in these important fields and key positions is seriously lagging behind, and in some units and fields, it is still ineffective in implementation. Negative corruption is in a period of frequent occurrence, which seriously harms the political ecology within the party and easily causes some social public to doubt the party’s social governance ability and the government’s credibility.

　　3. The responsibility of the political subject has not been fully implemented, and corruption phenomena such as "big officials are greedy" and "small officials are greedy" are serious.

　　At present, corruption cases such as "great official greed" and "small official greed" occur frequently, but it is very difficult to investigate the responsibility and the enforcement is far from enough. The responsibility of the political subject has not been fully implemented, especially for the "top leaders", who are both "athletes" and "referees" in the unit. The supervision institutions of the Commission for Discipline Inspection set up in the unit have no ability to compete with them at all, and to some extent, they have to be controlled or obeyed by the "top leaders". As a result, it is not surprising that some cadres in party member are corrupted by privilege, followed by power, money and power.

　　In recent years, the high-level leading cadres of the CPC Central Committee, represented by Zhou Yongkang, openly engaged in privileged corruption within the Party, which had a great negative effect on the credibility of the Party and the government and seriously violated the Party’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics ideal and the highest belief in communism. Compared with the "tiger" privileged corruption case, the corruption case of petty officials is relatively hidden. Until recent years, because of the large number of people involved in the corruption case of petty officials and the huge amount of corruption, it is more direct, easier to be detected and more intolerable to harm the rights and interests of the masses, resulting in many cases of "petty officials are greedy" [8], which has attracted people’s extensive attention day by day.

　　This requires us to be constantly "alert to the new challenges of anti-corruption, such as family corruption, anti-corruption, group corruption, ‘ Qingshui yamen ’ The emergence of corruption and other problems has brought new topics and severe challenges to the current anti-corruption work. Therefore, in ‘ Looking for tigers and flies ’ In the process, we should pay more attention to system innovation and perfect supervision, and clarify the boundary between power and interests. Official corruption reflects the officialdom ecology, from improper recommendation to distorted investigation, from setting posts for people to promoting in spite of illness, from the funnel effect of naked officials to the will of the chief executive to slapping his head, collective responsibility is ineffective and alienated into ‘ Collective irresponsibility ’ Therefore, only by implementing the main responsibility and dispelling the smog of corruption, can the wind be clean and upright, and it will be prohibited. " [7]（P170）

　　4. Overexaggerate the risk of entering politics and confuse it with returning to a benign inner-party political ecology.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China fought corruption with an iron fist, the saying that "the people are not living well" has been quietly changed to the saying that "the officials are not living well". Obviously, it is the complaint of some bureaucratic groups affected by the political system reform, and they often criticize the high-level anti-corruption measures of the central government for being too harsh, which seriously infringes on the private lives and personal rights of officials, thus exaggerating the risks of officials in politics and confusing them with the return to the benign inner-party political ecology that should have existed. In fact, the masses are enthusiastic about the anti-corruption measures of the CPC Central Committee. Not long ago, the research group of the Party School of Xi ‘an Municipal Party Committee "Research on the Political Risks of Leading Cadres and Their Solutions" lasted for more than a year, and investigated 444 leading cadres, sorting out eight political risks, including power risk, duty crime risk, decision-making error risk, accountability risk, pink risk, media public opinion risk, making friends risk and political moral risk. [10] When this theory came out, it aroused a thousand waves in academia and the people.

　　The above four challenges constitute the main challenges of the current inner-party political ecology, and we have to take these challenges seriously. Because our Party is well aware of such a truth, if we continue to indulge in the corruption of leading cadres in party member and grass-roots party member and engage in sports-based anti-corruption governance, all previous achievements will be wasted and revived, which will seriously damage the political ecology within the Party and endanger the credibility and ruling foundation of the Party and the government.

　　Three, the five dialectical relations of purifying the inner-party political ecology

　　Compared with the economic system reform, the political system reform is more difficult, more risky and more costly, but it is a critical moment when we have to unify the political consciousness and core consciousness of the whole party, promote and realize inner-party democracy and unite all party comrades. At this moment, only by strictly administering the Party in an all-round way, purifying the inner-party political ecology and enhancing the Party’s ruling ability can we build our Party well and expand the foundation of building the Party, the foundation of ruling and the source of strength. In view of this, in order to build a clean and upright inner-party political ecology, we need to grasp the following five dialectical relations.

　　1. The dialectical relationship between ideological party building and institutional party building.

　　The most important points in the book "A Passage to the Avenue: Socialism in the Communist Party of China (CPC) and China" are: First, the development of China cannot be separated from the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), and only the Communist Party of China (CPC) can shoulder this historical responsibility; Second, it is not easy to shoulder this historical responsibility. We must unite the masses and rely on the people. We must organize the people and implement direct democracy at the grassroots level. Moreover, the core of party building lies in maintaining political subjectivity through ideological and institutional construction, and the root of building socialism lies in harnessing capital to serve the people. Among them, the issue of official corruption is an important issue that cannot be avoided. " [7](P168) In addition, it is entirely possible for China to become a highly developed economy in the world because of the high integration of its excellent traditional culture and socialist core values. Therefore, it is necessary to make full use of and highly integrate China’s excellent traditional culture and socialist core values, actively explore the mode of "internet plus Big Data+Anti-corruption", vigorously strengthen the ideological transformation of leading cadres in party member, especially in party member, focus on cultivating party member’s awareness of low-cost culture, and improve the low-cost culture and education system that "does not want to rot".

　　Only by combining ideological party building with institutional party building can we ensure the durability of strictly administering the party in an all-round way. Ideological Party-building is to keep the Party alive ideologically and theoretically, and to solve the problems of party member cadres’ ideals, beliefs and value pursuit. Governing the Party by system is to solve the problems of behavior norms, restraint and supervision, and standardize the behavior of party member cadres by scientific, procedural and standardized means. Without ideological party building, people can’t reach a consensus on basic issues, the system is difficult to formulate, and it can’t be carried out. Similarly, the achievements of ideological party building need to be implemented and guaranteed by the system, and the influence of ideas can be transformed into rigid binding force, which can only be achieved by the system. " [11]

　　Grasping the dialectical relationship between ideological party building and institutional party building is actually to grasp the dialectical relationship between governing the party by rules and governing the party by virtue. If we can’t rule the party by virtue, we will lose our spiritual support if we follow the rules. If we can’t govern the party according to the rules, it will be empty and weak to govern the party by virtue. No matter how perfect the party rules and regulations are, they still need people with virtue and public responsibility to abide by them and implement them. No matter how perfect the moral norms are, they can not only rely on self-discipline measures such as human consciousness and moral consciousness, but also need the guidance and protection of other laws and regulations. Human nature is difficult to measure and control, and the premise of system setting is always evil human nature. Therefore, at the implementation level, the system is more reliable than human nature and morality. Governing the party by system has become the key to comprehensively administering the party strictly and purifying the political ecology within the party. Only by enforcing heteronomy through self-discipline and ensuring self-discipline through heteronomy can we form a new pattern of managing the party and ensure its eternal innovation and development.

　　2. The dialectical relationship between party discipline and national law.

　　Law and justice should be the bottom line of anti-corruption governance, and party discipline and state law should be the sword of anti-corruption governance. Only on the basis of law and under the protection of the rule of law can social fairness and justice be realized and the principle of rule of law that everyone is equal before the party discipline and state law can be maintained. The formulation and implementation of party discipline and state law requires the participation of the people and elites in consultation, their prudent democratic appraisal and their democratic supervision.

　　Party discipline and anti-corruption are the political guarantee and the first line of defense for strictly administering the Party and purifying the political ecology within the Party, while national law and anti-corruption are the legal guarantee and the last line of defense for strictly administering the Party and purifying the political ecology within the Party. Once the first line of defense against corruption by Party discipline and the last line of defense against corruption by national law are lost, it will lead to the subversion of social fairness and justice and the out-of-control of social order. Therefore, we must correctly grasp the dialectical relationship between party discipline and national law against corruption.

　　It is necessary to constantly improve and strictly implement the party discipline, but also to specifically refine and implement the national law. As far as our Party is concerned, party member cadres and the masses party member must resolutely safeguard the dignity of the party discipline and state law, consciously develop a way of thinking under the rule of law, consciously safeguard and strictly implement the principle of the rule of law, and must not trample on and surpass the party discipline and state law. This is the bottom line principle for party member to be an official in politics.

　　3. The dialectical relationship between the power of cadres and the democratic rights of the masses in party member

　　To create a political ecology with the goal of "good governance", we should correctly handle the dialectical relationship between the power of cadres in party member and the democratic rights of the masses, design the system by using the principle of power balance, encourage the masses to exercise their democratic rights under the rule of law, and prevent party member leading cadres from abusing monopoly resources by using their power. Therefore, party member cadres should closely focus on the interests of the masses, keep close contact with the masses, rely on the masses, make full use of the carriers of party style and clean government education such as "three strictness and three realities" and "two studies and one doing", effectively change their work style, seek practical things for the people, promote development, and maintain and enhance the prestige of the party in the hearts of the masses.

　　When using power, leading cadres in party member must be cautious, respect legitimate public opinions, and take it seriously without infringing on the democratic rights of the masses, because restricting power with rights has become the general trend of world democratic politics. Once the people’s democratic rights are lost, the power of leading cadres in party member will not be fully supervised and effectively controlled, and they will fall into a dangerous situation of power abuse and power capital trading. Theoretically, the exercise subject of this comprehensive supervision and effective control should encourage and tolerate the participation of social forces, and finally ensure that rights are enjoyed by the people and power is controlled by the people, "making capital serve the overall interests" [12](P 8– 9）。 Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively deepen the reform and carry out top-level design. At the same time, it is necessary to consider and absorb social forces, build consensus in the whole party and society, and encourage social forces to use new media such as the Internet and mobile phones to conduct democratic supervision over the power of leading cadres in party member.

　　4. Dialectical relationship between power and responsibility of cadres in party member.

　　Hobbes presupposed the selfishness of human nature and the natural state, and built a Leviathan-style contract country, but it led to the Leviathan dilemma. Lord acton put forward the famous conclusion that "absolute power leads to absolute corruption". Many political thoughts around social contracts and political power, as well as the popular public choice theory later, all contained the crystallization of human wisdom, which deeply influenced not only the history of western political thought, but also the history of China’s political thought, thinking about power and power for future generations.

　　"Power is the most important resource to perform functions. More power means more interests and stronger initiative. Responsibility is the supervision and inspection of the specific operation of the government, and more responsibility means more work pressure and risk. ‘ Pursuing power and abandoning responsibility ’ Is with ‘ Rational economic man ’ The natural motives of the government and its officials. " [13] In order to prevent party member’s leading cadres from standing in cages with keys in their hands and controlling rent-seeking corruption, it is necessary to establish a system of unified and consistent powers and responsibilities within the party, enhance the political awareness of the relative power and responsibility of party member cadres, and encourage party member cadres not to be obsessed with power in their hands and not to look for opportunities for corruption, but to bravely shoulder the responsibility of public governance, fulfill their duties and plead for the people. To this end, the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee specifically made it clear that "the Party Committee bears the main responsibility, the Commission for Discipline Inspection bears the supervisory responsibility, and a feasible accountability system is formulated and implemented" [9].

　　In order to eliminate the disadvantages of self-supervision of leading cadres in party member, the state must design a stricter power restriction system and power supervision system at the top level, strictly implement the power list, negative list and responsibility list system, fully implement the joint and several liability system, the lifelong accountability system and the restraint and punishment system, strengthen the publicity system of grassroots affairs such as towns and communities, strengthen the dynamic monitoring of party member cadres’ exercise of power in key areas and key links, and the functional departments such as discipline inspection, people’s congress, CPPCC and justice should coordinate and supervise each other.

　　5. The dialectical relationship between the risk of being an official and the benign political ecology.

　　Under the background of strictly administering the Party in an all-round way and being in power in an all-round way, don’t exaggerate the social risk of being an official in politics, it is just a kind of "returning to the decent and healthy state that officialdom should have" [14]. No matter the size of the official position, the level of the position, greed for more and less, we should not slack off and perfunctory the duties of being an official in politics, do not take any chances, nor exaggerate the risks of being an official in politics, thus confusing duties with risks. "Being cautious and cultivating the mind is the best medicine to improve self-immunity in the face of political risks. Education, system and supervision are external constraints from the level of social construction. For officials, only from the source ‘ Knock ’ I have lived myself, guarded my inner bottom line, and I have exercised my heart of positive action and responsibility, and truly achieved self-respect, self-discipline, introspection, self-alarm, and self-motivation, in order to calmly guard against the so-called political risks. " [14]

　　Strictly administering the Party in an all-round way and purifying the inner-party political ecology is only the only way to return to the benign political ecology and optimize the inner-party political ecology. To be an official in politics, we should take the modernization of the national governance system as the goal, earnestly safeguard the fundamental interests of the broad masses of people as the starting point and the foothold, and realize the democratic political goal of Socialism with Chinese characteristics as the top priority. Therefore, only by persistently administering the Party strictly in an all-round way, constantly grasping the anti-corruption governance, building the ideological defense line of party member, laying a solid foundation for managing the Party systematically, reducing the stock of corruption, curbing the increase of corruption and preventing the "broken window effect" can we reconstruct the "picturesque" inner-party political ecology.

　　(Author: Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Hydropower)

　　References:

　　[1] Supreme Leader. Seriously inner-party political life, purify inner-party political ecology, and lay an important political foundation for comprehensively and strictly administering the Party [N]. People’s Daily, June 30, 2016.

　　[2] Xia Meiwu, Jin Taijun. Political Ecology: Theoretical Principles, Values and Practical Significance [J]. Learning and Exploration, 2012 (2).

　　[3] Zhang Qunhui. International experience of political ecology and China’s practice [J]. Foreign Social Sciences, 2015(3).

　　[4] Sun Guanhong. Anti-corruption from the perspective of political ecology: also on the relationship between individuals and the state [J]. Journal of committee of cpc zhejiang provincial committee Party School, 2016(4).

　　[5] Zhang Guoqing. Research on Social Governance [M]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang Education Press, 2013.

　　[6] Bao Xinjian. On optimizing the inner-party political ecology [N]. Guangming Daily, 2015-05-13.

　　[7] Zhang Yan, Gu Qingqing, editor-in-chief. Warning Record of Small Officials and Greedy [M]. Beijing: People’s Publishing House, 2015.

　　[8] Xia Yuanyong. Causes and governance mechanism of petty official greed [J]. Journal of committee of cpc zhejiang provincial committee Party School, 2016(4).

　　[9] Supreme Leader. Explanation on "the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Decision on Comprehensively Deepening Reform" [N]. People’s Daily, 2013-11-16.

　　[10] Xi ‘an Municipal Party School "Leading cadres in politics risk and its solution path research group. The risk of politics [N]. Huashang Daily, 2016-07-11.

　　[11] "study times" editorial department. Create a beautiful inner-party political ecology — — Students from the Continuing Education Department of the Central Party School talk about comprehensively administering the Party strictly [N]. study times, 2016-07-11.

　　[12] (France) Thomas? Picchetti. Capital in the 21st Century [M]. Trans. Ba Shusong et al. Beijing: CITIC Publishing House, 2014.

　　[13] Lu Min. Change and imbalance: the allocation of power and responsibility of local governments in transition [J]. social sciences in yunnan, 2012(1).

　　[14] Pushaling. If you are in officialdom, you must show the courage to die with yourself [N]. China Youth Daily, July 12, 2016.

　　Source: Journal of the Party School of Fujian Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, No.12, 2016

　　On March 4th, Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee proposed "accelerating the construction of major projects and infrastructure that have been clearly defined in the national plan, and speeding up the construction progress of new infrastructure such as 5G networks and data centers", and "new infrastructure" became a hot word widely concerned by the society. Industry and capital market show strong interest, expecting "new infrastructure" to become the leader of effectively driving economic development, helping China’s economy get out of the impact of the epidemic and usher in a broader development space. So, where is the new "new infrastructure"? As the "pillar" of China’s economy, how can the central enterprises, which have just fully supported the fight against the epidemic and taken the lead in resuming work and production, play a role in the "new infrastructure"?

　　Central enterprises have acted quickly, starting early, planning early, investing early, developing early and building early, giving full play to the advantages of the main force of the industrial chain, leading the "new infrastructure" with investment-driven and hard-core technology, striving to be investors, developers and builders of the "new infrastructure" industrial chain, upgrading "new consumption" with the "new infrastructure", forming new impetus for growth and promoting high-quality development.

　　Where is the new "new infrastructure"?

　　The concern about "new infrastructure" did not begin this year.

　　In fact, as early as the Central Economic Work Conference held at the end of 2018, 5G infrastructure, UHV, intercity high-speed railway and intercity rail transit, charging piles, big data centers, artificial intelligence, and industrial Internet were identified as "new infrastructure construction".

　　Three months later, at the National People’s Congress in 2019, the government work report clearly requested that "the pace of 5G commercialization and the scale deployment of IPv6 (Internet Protocol Version 6) should be accelerated, and new infrastructure construction and integration applications such as artificial intelligence, industrial Internet and Internet of Things should be strengthened".

　　Infrastructure can be divided into "traditional" and "new".

　　Traditional infrastructure mainly includes railways, highways, airports and bridges. In this field, China is relatively perfect, but there are still shortcomings.

　　New infrastructure is generally considered to include 5G, UHV, intercity high-speed railway and intercity rail transit, new energy vehicle charging piles, big data centers, artificial intelligence, industrial Internet, Internet of Things and other fields. In these areas, China has huge room for development.

　　Different from traditional infrastructure, "new infrastructure" pays more attention to hard-core technologies such as digitalization and intelligence.

　　It is not difficult to find that promoting "new infrastructure" is a clear direction since 2019. At the beginning of this year, under the influence of COVID-19 epidemic and other factors, the "new infrastructure" was put in a more important position, and it became inevitable to accelerate it.

　　As an important basic industry and emerging industry, "new infrastructure" is a new engine for China’s economic growth, which is connected with huge investment and demand at one end and a powerful consumer market that is constantly upgrading at the other. As far as the construction of 5G network is concerned, by cultivating the prosperous Internet economy, artificial intelligence, digital economy and other new technology industries, it will indirectly drive the total economic output of several trillion yuan, laying a solid foundation for seizing the commanding heights of the new generation of information technology in the world.

　　Investment promotion: 5G and UHV construction lead the way, and speed up the "new infrastructure" in a big way.

　　Recently, the three major telecom central enterprises and the Tower Company all said that they will actively accelerate the construction of 5G this year and make greater contributions to the realization of a network power and the comprehensive construction of a well-off society. For a time, 5G became the "leader" of "new infrastructure".

　　According to the "China Mobile Economic Development Report 2020" recently released by GSMA mobile think tank, by 2025, the penetration rate of 5G users in China will increase to nearly 50%, which is equivalent to other major 5G markets such as South Korea, Japan and the United States. China Information and Communication Research Institute predicts that by 2025, the cumulative investment in 5G network construction will reach 1.2 trillion yuan, and 5G network construction will also drive investment in upstream and downstream of the industrial chain and applications in various industries. It is estimated that by 2025, it will drive more than 3.5 trillion yuan of investment.

　　On March 6th, China Mobile started the procurement of the main equipment of the second phase wireless network of 5G this year. The data shows that by the end of February, the number of China Mobile’s 5G base stations has exceeded 80,000, and the number of users of 5G packages has reached 10 million. This year, we will maintain the goal of "building 300,000 5G base stations, and the 5G network will cover cities above the prefecture level".

　　On March 10th, China Telecom and China Unicom issued the "Announcement on Centralized Pre-qualification of Joint Centralized Procurement of Wireless Main Equipment for 5G SA New Construction Project in 2020". According to the announcement, China Telecom and China Unicom will start the joint centralized procurement of 5G SA wireless master equipment, and the estimated procurement scale is not less than 250,000 stations. It is planned to complete all the construction progress before the third quarter. According to another introduction, China Telecom and China Unicom will strive to complete the joint construction task of 47 cities and 100,000 5G base stations in the first half of 2020. Among them, China Unicom plans to achieve 5G coverage of all cities in China by 2020.

　　China Tower said that it will give full play to the advantages of overall planning and fully meet the needs of telecom enterprises for 5G construction economically and efficiently. By the beginning of March, more than 200,000 5G base stations had been built in China Tower. In the construction of 5G, China Tower insists on sharing without new construction, strictly controls the proportion of new stations and reduces the construction cost. More than 97% of the demand is met by using existing resources. At the same time, in-depth cooperation with railways, power grids, real estate, municipal transportation, etc., for the development of 5G, formulate indoor and outdoor standardization and integrated coverage schemes for communication networks.

　　5G is becoming a new infrastructure in our lives, and its future is clearly visible.

　　In fact, the future has come.

　　In this fight against the epidemic, the "black technology" of central enterprises represented by 5G, drones, robots, 3D printing, etc. has made great efforts to help prevent and control the epidemic, and big countries have embarked on the battlefield against the epidemic, winning wide attention and praise at home and abroad.

　　Under the 5G network environment built by China Telecom, China Unicom, China Mobile and other communication companies, in Wuhan, the 5G telemedicine system allows Beijing experts to cross 1,200 kilometers and realize "face-to-face" high-definition treatment guidance with clinicians on the front line of "war and epidemic"; In the shelter hospital, medical staff used wearable devices to connect to the 5G wireless network to collect physiological parameters. China Mobile’s "5G+unmanned epidemic prevention vehicle" intelligent robot is carrying out intelligent disinfection and medical and health services, and working with partners to deploy a medical temperature patrol robot based on 5G communication technology, which comprehensively uses technologies such as the Internet of Things, machine vision, biometrics, artificial intelligence, cloud computing and big data, and integrates various environmental awareness sensors, and can be widely used in stations, squares, business districts, hospitals, schools, communities and key units.

　　Chihiro Location Company, jointly sponsored by Ordnance Industry Group and Alibaba Group, officially launched the "Flying Wing Action" to build a platform for unmanned aerial vehicles to fight epidemics. Tens of thousands of unmanned aerial vehicles across the country are connected to the Beidou high-precision positioning service provided by Chihiro Location, and the drones are used for accurate spraying and disinfection, inspection and shouting and other epidemic prevention operations. China Electric Power Branch and SF Express successfully completed the first unmanned emergency transportation delivery task, and the drone landed at Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital to deliver urgently needed medical and epidemic prevention materials to medical staff.

　　… …

　　Experts from the World Health Organization said that it is simple and efficient for China to conduct online remote diagnosis and treatment by comprehensively using big data, artificial intelligence, 5G and other technologies. The BBC reported that "in the battle against Covid-19, China deployed disinfection robots, smart helmets, drones equipped with thermal cameras and advanced facial recognition software." In the fight against the epidemic, China developed new applications in time, and 5G and information technology played an unexpected role.

　　In this epidemic, big data and information technology of central enterprises helped to prevent and control the epidemic, which played an unexpected role and effect, and provided a powerful reference for epidemic prevention and control and the use of public medical facilities in other countries, and also provided a scientific and technological model for the application of high technology in public health facilities and better treatment of patients in China in the future.

　　UHV, as one of the seven fields of "new infrastructure", shows the main direction of economic and social development and industrial upgrading and revitalization, and has the advantages of long industrial chain, strong driving force and remarkable economic and social benefits.

　　On March 11th, at a video research meeting, State Grid Corporation of China emphasized: give full play to the driving force of UHV industry and accelerate the construction of new infrastructure. According to the latest caliber of the Ministry of Infrastructure of State Grid, the annual investment scale of UHV construction projects of State Grid Corporation is 181.1 billion yuan, which can drive social investment of 360 billion yuan, with an overall scale of 541.1 billion yuan, injecting strong impetus into economic and social development.

　　For example, northern Shaanxi, which started construction on February 28th — The 800 kV HVDC project in Hubei is the first UHV project newly started by State Grid Corporation of China this year, with a total investment of 18.5 billion yuan, which is expected to directly drive the equipment production scale of about 12 billion yuan, drive the investment in power supply and other related industries to exceed 70 billion yuan, and increase more than 40,000 jobs.

　　It can be seen that UHV, as the highlight of "new infrastructure", has long-term competitiveness and is for the future. It is reported that after UHV, State Grid will also accelerate another "new infrastructure" field — — Construction speed of charging piles for new energy vehicles. On March 18th, State Grid proposed to speed up the construction of new infrastructure and make continuous efforts in the development of UHV and the construction of new energy vehicle charging piles. Some experts predict that in the next 10 years, the country is expected to form a charging pile infrastructure construction market of 1.02 trillion yuan.

　　Innovation-driven: big data, rail transit technology research and development, digital upgrading of "new infrastructure"

　　During the epidemic period, China Electric Power Branch quickly set up a big data research team of more than 200 people, and quickly developed and launched a "one network" big data system for epidemic prevention and control and resumption of production. The system adopts big data model of infectious disease dynamics and time series prediction model, and forecasts the confirmed cases in 11 key provinces and 16 key cities in the next ten days from February 6th. The results show that the average prediction error of three days in advance is only 0.81%.　

　　Based on the "One Network" system, China Electric Power Branch has launched a series of mobile phone inquiry applications for the public, including "Little Nurse" who can check people who are in close contact, "Little Housekeeper" who can fill in the basic information of communities and buildings, "Little Warrior" who can check traffic checkpoints, and "Little Helper" who can help enterprises monitor the risk of employees and screen them in time, etc., to meet the new needs of the market in a special period.

　　The docking platform of supply and demand for enterprises’ resumption of work and production developed by State Grid E-commerce has solved the problems of mismatch between supply and demand of materials and asymmetric information in the process of resumption of work and production.

　　"It brings together the supply and demand information of many enterprises across the country. Whether it is purchasing materials in short supply or selling equipment and materials, we can easily find partners, which is really a good helper for our small and medium-sized enterprises to resume work." On March 3rd, Liu Huaping, the general manager of Beijing Shengrui Lianchuang International Trade Co., Ltd., who found the source of meltblown cloth through the supply and demand docking platform of the enterprise built and operated by State Grid E-commerce Company, repeatedly praised it.

　　The supply-demand docking platform for enterprises to resume work and production provides enterprises with services such as release of supply-demand information, display of supply and service information, matching and docking of supply and demand information, and comprehensively assists the production and supply of epidemic prevention protective materials and enterprises to resume work and production. Up to now, the supply and demand docking platform has published more than 6,000 pieces of supply and demand information of more than 5,300 enterprises, with 5.619 million visits to the platform and a cooperation amount of 4.2 billion yuan, which effectively promoted the orderly resumption of work and production of enterprises during the epidemic period and achieved good results.

　　The "supply-demand docking platform" is just a case in which central enterprises use the Internet to "digitize" services for both the supply and demand sides.

　　China Merchants Group has used various new technologies such as blockchain and big data in China Merchants Port to build a unified digital application platform for business innovation scenarios such as paperless and electronic circulation of documents and gate automation, namely China Merchants ePort. During the epidemic period, China Merchants ePort made great efforts to provide 24-hour online customs clearance, logistics and other services for all units and users in the port ecological circle, constantly improving the level of intelligence and automation of operations, greatly reducing offline contact, and building a security line for the business of resuming work and production.

　　The social governance big data platform developed by Aerospace Wisdom Company of the Fifth Academy of Aerospace Science and Technology Group has played an important role in the management and control of many places, from identifying people to identifying vehicles, from personnel flow, information screening of key people to information reporting and integration, and analyzing key difficulties in management and control. China Satcom, a subsidiary of Aerospace Science and Technology Group, also provides users with information about the epidemic situation in novel coronavirus according to the deployment of the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television. More than 140 million rural direct broadcast satellite users in China can receive and check the epidemic situation at any time through the direct broadcast satellite set-top box.

　　The logistics and transportation of hazardous chemicals is the main artery of the whole petrochemical industry. The traditional logistics mode has many disadvantages, such as low level of informatization, high transportation cost, fragmented supervision and potential safety hazards. In order to solve the pain points in the industry, Sinochem Energy Technology has created three products: Canghai Gang, Shipping Gang and 66 Express, providing a complete set of logistics solutions for the petrochemical industry. Through the online connection of shippers, warehouses, fleets, ports and docks, governments, commodity inspection and other related parties, a digital infrastructure of petrochemical supply chain covering warehousing, vehicle and boat transportation will be built.

　　CRRC is vigorously promoting the research and development of intelligent technology applications, which will transform the high-speed rail transit field in the "new infrastructure" to digital manufacturing and innovation-driven transformation.

　　Bogies are one of the most important components on rail transit vehicles, equivalent to the "chassis" of rail transit vehicles, and are the most important components that determine the safety, comfort and reliability of rail transit products. Bogies have more than 2,000 parts and components, which are complex in structure and require high accuracy and quality reliability, directly affecting the running quality of vehicles and the safety of passenger transportation.

　　In March 2019, the world’s first intelligent manufacturing workshop for rail transit bogies built by CRRC Zhuzhou Machinery Co., Ltd. was put into operation, filling the gap in the global application of digital and intelligent technologies for rail transit bogies. The 11 production lines cover the whole process of manufacturing bogies such as processing, assembly, welding, painting and logistics.

　　Zhou Qinghe, Party Secretary and Chairman of CRRC Zhuji Company, said that this model will guide the transformation of the production mode of China’s rail transit equipment manufacturing industry and accelerate the transformation of the whole industry to digital manufacturing and innovation-driven.

　　Driven by the industrial chain: the Internet of Things and cloud computing are in full swing, and the "new infrastructure" is intelligently improved.

　　According to industry experts’ analysis, from the perspective of industrial chain, the UHV industrial chain mentioned above includes power supply, electrical equipment, energy-using equipment, raw materials, etc. The industrial chain is long and interlocking, with strong driving force. The 5G industrial chain mentioned above covers a wider range. The upstream industries mainly include chips, optical devices and radio frequency devices, while the midstream industries mainly include base stations, transmission equipment and base station antennas. Downstream industries mainly include operator market and terminal equipment market, especially the combination of 5G with artificial intelligence, big data and cloud computing, which brings more abundant application scenarios, such as driverless, smart city, Internet of Things and smart medical care, and will bring more convenience to life.

　　Wu Shengyu, director of the Institute of Energy Strategy and Planning of State Grid Energy Research Institute, said that on the one hand, when the epidemic is effectively controlled and after the epidemic, the electricity consumption of the whole society will be replenished, especially in industries and regions that are greatly affected by the epidemic, and the replenishment will be more obvious. On the other hand, other "new infrastructure" fields represented by 5G base stations and big data centers are big power consumers. The resumption of construction of UHV and other infrastructure is to prepare for the power supply guarantee in advance, and further guarantee the "six stabilities".

　　In the workshop of Nanjing Guodian Nanzi Automation Co., Ltd., intelligent logistics cars shuttle between factories to transport materials. A six-axis manipulator is screening the starting voltages of different relays, and it moves quickly. "It used to be the work of four people, but now one manipulator will do it all." The staff said.

　　China huadian’s high-end manufacturing company — — After Guodian Nanzi Smart Factory is fully put into operation, the overall production efficiency will increase by 42.48%, the current human resource cost can be reduced by 32%, the first-time quality pass rate will increase by 13.25%, and the energy consumption will be reduced by 8%.

　　At present, Changqing Oilfield of China Petroleum has built the largest Internet of Things system for oil and gas production in China, covering 94.4% of oil fields, 100% of gas fields and 96% of oil and gas wells, which constitutes the basic data of Changqing Data Lake. Based on this, Changqing Oilfield collects, tracks and coordinates the situation that the daily epidemic situation affects the production in time through the intelligent production command system, and monitors the company’s key production information such as oil and gas production, sales volume, capacity building and production assistance in real time for 24 hours, so as to realize efficient production operation command, intelligent scheduling, information sharing and departmental linkage. At present, the coverage rate of unattended stations in the production line of Changqing Oilfield is over 50%, and the coverage rate of unattended stations in gas fields is 80%.

　　In Dazu, Chongqing, the Intelligent Networked Vehicle Test Base, which is wholly-owned by China Automobile Research Institute, a general technology group, is the largest comprehensive test and evaluation base for intelligent networked vehicles in southwest China. Intelligent signal control system, V2X communication system, intelligent street lamp control system, height-limiting equipment and so on are built in the road area of the base, which can meet the current technical specifications and site test requirements of intelligent networked vehicles and meet the test requirements of all road transport vehicles within 55 tons.

　　Fuzhou Cloud Computing Data Center Phase II civil engineering project undertaken by China Construction Sixth Bureau is in full swing. The project officially resumed on February 20, 2020, with a total construction area of about 36,000 square meters. After the project is completed, it will have 4,092 cabinets, meet the international T3+ and national A-level data center construction standards, and become a national demonstration base for new industrialized industries, becoming the only demonstration base with special series in Jiangxi Province.

　　The National Health Care Big Data Northern Storage Center project located in Jinan is the first national health care big data center construction project initiated in China. The first phase of the project, undertaken by China Construction Fifth Bureau, has a construction area of 44,000 square meters. The construction of the project marks that Jinan has become the first pilot city in China to plan and start the national health care big data construction. The project is aimed at building a world-class and most advanced health care big data center in China. After completion, it will realize an ecosystem of big data industry chain integrating politics, production, learning, research and use.

　　R&D, investment, construction, and more central enterprises are laying out "new infrastructure". As time goes by, central enterprises will perform more and better in the "new infrastructure", better serve high-quality industrialization and high-quality urbanization, promote supply-side structural reform, and serve the high-quality development of China’s economy.