Most comedies in this world will pass by in the long river of time, but Chaplin and his movies are always unforgettable.

Chaplin’s works always give us complex feelings after laughing.

As Zhao Lihong, the author of this article, said: "When you are not in the world, watching Chaplin’s movies is only funny, funny and full of joy. Grow up a little, look again, laugh and cry, feel warmth, and feel compassion. "

The character who bears this complex emotion in the film is one of the most important roles since the comedy film was born-the gentleman tramp played by Chaplin: Charlot.

He has a hat on his head, oversized shoes, tight clothes, fat pants and a civilized stick in his hand … Yes, everyone remembers him, because "in Charlot, we saw ourselves who were lonely, hardworking, but never successful".

How did Chaplin finally create the classic image of "Charlot" on the basis of his wandering growing experience in his youth? And why can "Charlot" impress generations of audiences in 100 years?

In the following, we will explore these issues together and review the classics of film history created by Chaplin …

The following excerpt is from Seven and a Half Directors, with the subtitle drafted by the editor and pushed by the publishing house.

Charlie Chaplin

Of human nature, the most human

-Chaplin and His Movie World

Text | Zhao Lihong

1. Happiness originates from sadness.

Watching Chaplin’s movies when nothing is going on is just funny, funny and full of joy. Grow up a little, look again, laugh and cry, feel warmth, and feel compassion.

Every time I see the same details, for example, in the scene of Charlot, a glassmaker, and his son escaping from the police in The Story of Finding a Fairy, the son rolled to his father like a ball, as if there was a thread holding him, but his father kicked him away, but he couldn’t get rid of the sticky sugar, so he laughed.

See "City Lights" in which a blind girl touches the hand of Charlot, a tramp, "recognizes" him and says "it’s you", and cries.

What is the charm of Chaplin and his movie world, which can make audiences of different ages and cultural levels all laugh, or wipe their tears, and watch it many times without getting tired?

Now that I think about it, as for the state of being skilled, it seems that it is not so important. The most important thing is that his heart is so soft and full of love and affection for people and the world. He has such a deep insight into the world, predicts the future and deeply understands all kinds of human nature …

Yes, it was Chaplin’s movies that made me feel love, warmth and pity at the earliest, and let the southern girl know that happiness originated from sadness, and sadness is for endless joy; It is also Chaplin’s movies that make me, who is over 500 years old and gradually aging, realize loving and being loved, and realize more loneliness and anxiety and fear everywhere …

When I wrote these words, the little man in a bowler hat appeared in front of my eyes, smiling shyly, feminine and neurotic, which seemed to transcend time and seemed to freeze at a certain point in time; He raised his eyebrows and stared at his round eyes, just like Calvero at the end of his life in "Stage Life", with his eyes wide open and looking at the audience. Those eyes are full of so much desire and novelty, so affectionate, so lonely and so frightened …

The Classic Comedy Image Created by Chaplin —— Charlot

Second, the comedy master’s boyhood

Charlot, a symbolic figure, has a unique style.

Look at this iconic outfit:

He wears a round hat (even if he runs away in a hurry, he doesn’t forget to pick up the falling hat, bow and put it on, which has the demeanor of "the gentleman dies and the crown is inevitable");

A pair of broken gloves (in the story of finding a son and meeting a fairy, someone upstairs dumped garbage and soiled these gloves and had to throw them away);

Leaning on a bamboo cane (a gentleman’s civilized stick is a gentle wave of his hand, high above and bossing around, but in the hands of a tramp, there is more than one thing, but sometimes it is a crutch to support a hungry tramp);

Too narrow and tight coat shows holes, which can’t cover a pair of baggy trousers (in the opening ceremony of "City Light", these trousers were stabbed by the sword of the idol and have been broken ever since);

A pair of extra-large leather shoes (in The Gold Rush, a shoe is boiled and eaten; In "Stage Life", Calvero gave these shoes a close-up, recreating their glory, aging and death.

This mismatch makes Charlot look funny from head to toe. He has tall eyebrows, wide eyes, a funny trapezoidal black beard (Chaplin said that beard symbolizes vanity) and waddles with duck steps.

Stage Life, filmed in 1952, tells the story of an old and declining comedian and a young ballerina. Chaplin plays the comedian Calvero.

Charlot’s walking posture was not created by Chaplin, nor did Chaplin adopt this image from the beginning. He used to play various roles under the name "Charles" (French) or "Chas" (British abbreviation), and only after he appeared in more than ten films did he decide to adopt this stylized costume, typical facial makeup and walking posture. He changed his name to "Charlie" and the French publisher translated it as "Charlot".

From then on, a stylized and eternal Charlot was born, and audiences all over the world will always remember Charlot. At first, Chaplin couldn’t clearly grasp the personality of Charlot. Once he put on the costume that belongs to Charlot alone, he seemed to get mysterious hints, his imagination stretched, and jokes poured out one by one, making Charlot whole.

Chaplin explained Charlot like this:

You see, this is a man with multiple personalities. He is a tramp and a gentleman; He is a poet and a dreamer. He is lonely, longing for romance and adventure. He expects others to regard him as a scientist, musician, or a duke and a polo player. In fact, he can only pick up cigarette butts and grab children’s candy. When he is extremely angry, he will seize the opportunity to kick those ladies’ ass. (Autobiography of Chaplin)

This Charlot that Chaplin said is himself. Indeed, Charlot created by Chaplin in his early days has his own shadow. In other words, Charlot was born from Chaplin’s life experience.

On April 16th, 1889, Charles Spencer Chaplin was born in East Street, Wolves District, London. His family first lived in a nice house in St George’s Road West Square, Lambeth District, and later lived in 287 Kennington Road and 3 Barnard Lane.

His father, Charles Chaplin Sr., is the "leading singer" of the troupe. He has toured in Britain, the United States, France and other countries, and became famous for singing grotesque alto.

His mother, Hana Hill, took the stage at the age of 16. Chaplin said that when she danced, her posture was "amazing", and she was good at singing and dancing, and she was very talented in drama performance. "Her vivid expression and tone are really beyond the reach of ordinary people";

After their parents got married, they performed funny duets together in various amusement parks in Britain, which was very popular.

Obviously, Chaplin’s acting talent is inherited from his parents. Most importantly, he remembered his mother’s words, "First of all, we should do well what we should do in this world."

He remembered:

That afternoon, in that gloomy basement, my mother brought the unique kindness light in this world into my heart. Only in this light can the theme of love, kindness and humanity in literature and drama be so great, rich and brilliant. (Autobiography of Chaplin)

This is also the earliest reason why Chaplin’s films are full of kindness and humanity.

In 1925, "The Gold Rush" tells the story of a tramp from gold panning to becoming a rich man and harvesting love. Chaplin plays the tramp Charlot.

The happy life of Chaplin’s family lasted only about four years.

Because of his father’s alcoholism, his parents finally separated, and old Charles lived with another woman, and his health gradually deteriorated and he fell into poverty. Before he died at the age of 37, someone else organized a welfare performance for him. Chaplin later organized a benefit performance for old Calvero in "Stage Career". Calvero died on the stage. He was once a lonely father and an aging Chaplin.

Chaplin longed for his father’s love all his life.

After the separation of parents, mother lost her voice and couldn’t perform on stage any more, so she had to mend clothes to support the Chaplin brothers. Mother finally lost her mind and was sent to an insane asylum several times.

Young Chaplin (7 to 12 years old) faced two possibilities:

First, he was sent to an orphanage, first to the Rambes Institute for the Poor, and then to the Hanwell School for the Poor and Orphans (three children who lost their fathers in Modern Times and the little street children in The Search for a Fairy);

One is sent to prison (the girl who steals bananas and bread in Modern Times).

The Chaplin brothers lived in constant fear, and for a period of time, they became little vagrants in Kennington block, picking up fruits and vegetables in market ditches and sleeping on benches in squares or parks. Before the age of 12, in order to support his family, Chaplin worked as a newsboy, a printer, a toy vendor, a clinic helper, a glass-blowing apprentice, and a small actor in Lancashire Theatre …

"Life makes him feel like a blind mouse cornered, waiting for his own club." (Joseph Conrad)

This riff-raff experience, the taste of hunger, bullying, being hurt, fear, loneliness and longing for love became the starting point of all Chaplin’s films. "Although he is not the only director who depicts hunger, he is the only one who has personally experienced the taste of hunger" (andre bazan).

After he became famous all over the world, he never confessed his childhood experience. In 1943, Chaplin wrote this in a letter of condolences to the citizens of London who were bombed by Hitler:

I will always remember Lambeth, and I will always remember the room in the attic No.3 in Bonaire Lane where I spent my childhood. At that time, I kept climbing up and down the three-story stairs to pour dirty water, and now it is still in front of my eyes.

Hayley, the grocer in Chester Street, seems to be just around the corner now; I used to buy ten catties of coal and a penny of vegetables. I still remember Huasong, who sells meat, who can buy some leftover meat for a penny. I also remember the grocer Al, who spent two coppers to reach into a box full of scraps of cakes in his shop to get something to eat. Everything is in my memory. I left Rambes, its suffering and its filth … (georges sadoul’s The Life of Chaplin)

The Story of Finding a Fairy, filmed in 1921, tells the story of a poor woman who abandoned her child, was picked up by a tramp, and was brought up. Later, the child found her biological mother. Chaplin played the tramp Charlot.

Searching for a Fairy and Stage Life are two of Chaplin’s most autobiographical films. The latter is about his aging and death. Charlot, a tramp in The Search for a Fairy, is an adult Chaplin, and Jacques, a little boy, is his childhood.

First, Chaplin saw 5-year-old Jacques Cogan. The little boy wore a cap, a sweater with a hole, and trousers with a belt, which was exactly the same as his childhood. Perhaps it was this child who aroused his childhood memories and came up with The Story of Finding a Fairy.

Chaplin shifted his longing for his father’s love to little Jacques’s attachment to Charlot, and in the film he faithfully reproduced the scene of living alone with his mother in the attic of Bonaire Lane. In the film, the mother first abandoned the little boy Jacques and found him again; The reality is that my father abandoned their mother and son, and my mother went crazy and had to leave Chaplin.

Some studies believe that Chaplin also has a tendency to be insane. At least, the loneliness and fear of childhood made him fall into the tendency of autism. He often confined himself in a room for a long time and didn’t talk to anyone. In his heart, his strong sense of anxiety and fear, and his strong desire for women’s love are all due to his severely damaged childhood.

Perhaps it is through movies that Chaplin constantly reshapes and reproduces the experiences and pains of street children that he can vent his anger and avoid his mental breakdown.

It took a whole year from the filming to the completion of "Finding a Fairy", which was his first feature film and was released in February 1921.

In September of the same year, Chaplin returned to London after a long absence, and received an unprecedented grand welcome. Within three days, he received 73,000 letters, postcards, etc. The luxurious Ritz Hotel was surrounded by excited people. Chaplin sneaked out from the side door of the hotel and drove to Lambeth, the neighborhood where he lived as a child.

The brick house in Baonaer Lane is still dilapidated, and the stairs are still dark, smelly and creaking. He climbed to the top floor and knocked at the door at one breath. The top floor room is almost the same as the room built for filming The Story of Finding the Fairy: "A bed is against the wall, two chairs, an old table, kerosene lamps glow dimly, and the kettle on the iron stove is humming." (georges sadoul)

This room is the small attic at No.3 Baonaer Lane, where Chaplin and his mother finally lived together. After her mother left crazily, the furnishings of this room did not change at all. The tenant at that time was Mrs. Reynolds, who solemnly received this great unexpected visitor. Chaplin cried …

There are two other things that influenced Chaplin’s life in the neighborhood where he lived and wandered in his childhood.

In 1931, "City Lights" told the love story of a tramp and a flower girl, and Chaplin played the tramp Charlot.

One night, lonely little Chaplin dragged his tired and hungry body wandering on Kennington Road-

Suddenly, a burst of intoxicating music came from the lobby of the White Deer Hotel at the corner and echoed melodiously in the empty and deserted square. How sweet it sounded. This piece of music is full of emotion and lively tone. I have never paid attention to such touching music. It really gives people a warm and comfortable feeling (Autobiography of Chaplin).

Chaplin followed the music and forgot his miserable situation.

According to georges sadoul, Chaplin Jr. was fascinated by the music of the street organ, and would involuntarily follow him through several streets and improvise with the music. Music is so sweet, so mysterious, it speaks directly and conveys love.

At the age of 16, Chaplin began to play the violin, practicing for four or five hours every day, eager to become a chief violinist. The girl who danced to the music in the street in Modern Times, Charlot who sang impromptu in the restaurant, and the Jewish barber who shaved his head with the rhythm of music in The Great Dictator all conveyed Chaplin’s love for music, which is to reproduce his childhood musical memory, right?

Many directors began to make movies with sound, but Chaplin was still infatuated with silent films, thinking that pantomime was the real art, and he personally provided the music for the film-"A wonderful concert added emotion to my laughter. Hazlitt once said that a work of art without feelings is not complete at all. " Emotional music makes the silent picture flow, the characters come alive, and the silent film has a soul.

On another occasion, on the road in Kennington, Chaplin saw people killing sheep, and the sheep escaped. People ran around to catch sheep, and there was chaos everywhere. The scene was very funny. He burst into laughter at the sight. But the sheep was finally caught back and eventually killed. This sad reality made him very sad again. He ran home and cried to his mother, "They are going to kill it! They are going to kill it! "

Chaplin said: "So later I often guessed that the theme of the tragicomedy mixed in my movies might have originated from this incident." (Autobiography of Chaplin) This is also the reason why his films can make people "tremble with laughter, but can’t stop tears from flowing up" (louis aragon). !

3. Only when facing love can he be brave and witty.

Charlot, of course, is not just Chaplin’s own export.

There is no doubt that a director or writer can impress his audience (readers) only by starting from himself and sincerely pouring out his feelings, anxiety, confusion and love. Through "watching", the audience finds the part that belongs to their own humanity in the object, which is empathy, or "empathy" and "empathy".

We see our hesitation, cowardice and confusion in Hamlet, and we also see ourselves in Charlot.

The Great Dictator, filmed in 1940, tells the story of a great dictator who brutally persecuted Jews and tried to rule the world. Chaplin played the role of dictator henkel and Jewish barber Charlot.

Dressed like a gentleman, Charlot is sometimes a porter, cleaner and repairman, sometimes a snow shovel, a glass changer and an assembly line screw, sometimes a soldier, a waiter, a night watchman, a circus handyman, and sometimes a dreamer, a gold digger and a girl-pleasing singer.

In a word, Charlot is at the bottom of society. If anything happens to him, death, disease or crime, it is just a "small probability event" that happens by chance in the process of social development. All those who are insulted and damaged are just a piece of paper stuck to the soles of shoes in the eyes of those who are above, and can be wiped off casually.

However, from Charlot’s point of view, he never wanted to resist, and he was by no means a revolutionary with firm convictions or a sociopath with strong inner strength. On the contrary, he tries to emulate a gentleman and is willing to be a positive, cheerful and enterprising young man.

That set of Charlot-style clothes is his imitation of "successful people". He learns from a gentleman to politely take off his hat and bow, holding a cigar or cigarette butt he picked up.

In Modern Times, Charlot is in prison, drinking coffee "elegantly" by imitating the wife of an inspector.

In the shabby house, he imitated a gentleman to get up and swim in the morning and read the newspaper while eating breakfast;

Charlot and the girl were chased by the police, hungry and tired, sitting on the grass in front of a middle-class garden house, and he cheerfully described the future for the girl:

They have such a garden house. When Charlot came home from work, his beautiful wife greeted him. When he wanted to drink milk, the cows came over automatically and wanted to eat grapes. They could pick them at the window. They were sitting at the table covered with beautiful tablecloths and happily cutting big meat and bread …

The "illusion" disappeared, and Charlot and the girl were still sitting in front of others, still hungry and homeless. When they saw the police, they quickly got up and ran away …

When we see these scenes, we will never laugh at Charlot’s "superficial" pursuit, instead, our eyes are covered with tears … Isn’t this the basic requirement of a pair of ordinary people for food and clothing? Aren’t those "successful people" leading and shaping the life direction and meaning of the bottom people?

So far, I will see Charlot in my kind relatives, watching them learn from the polite manners of the upper class, trying to increase their knowledge, and believing in the news fed by the media.

However, the gentlemen who Charlot tried to emulate, those who made the rules of the game and led the trend of life, in turn mocked and despised Charlot, saying that they were just "fools" and "untouchables". Once the trouble happened, Charlot was the first to be abandoned, trampled and sacrificed.

Charlot has all the shortcomings of ordinary people.

He is lazy (in "Modern Times", he secretly smokes a cigarette while going to the toilet, and then files his nails when he returns to the assembly line, so that it is cost-effective for his colleagues to work for one more minute);

In 1936, "Modern Times" told the love story of a oppressed worker and a homeless woman. Chaplin played the role of worker Charlot.

He is slick (in Modern Times, the mechanic’s crushed pocket watch, he said, can be used as a shovel);

He was late (the cleaner in City Lights);

He is stupid (in "Modern Times", he looked for a wooden wedge but made the ship leave the dock halfway);

He is clever (in "Modern Times", the factory recruits workers, and Charlot suddenly turns left and right among the unemployed job seekers, and squeezes in one second before the factory gate closes);

He is bad (in the story of finding a son and meeting a fairy, he first lets the children throw stones and break the glass of others, and then pretends to be a glassmaker to change the glass; In The Gold Rush, in order to buy Christmas presents for the girls, he shoveled the snow for others, shoveled the snow from one family to the next door, and then shoveled it.

He lost no time in teasing the woman;

He stole the cigars from the shop;

In the face of boxers who are bigger and stronger than him, he shows a flattering smile of women …

Because of these shortcomings, Charlot is rich, diverse and full of personality.

Charlot’s human shortcomings are shared by us, so we can empathize with them, and we can be deeply moved by the father-son relationship between Charlot and Little Jacques in The Story of Finding the Son and Meeting the Fairy. Chaplin has no intention of portraying Charlot as a morally perfect person who does good without asking for anything in return.

Charlot didn’t want to adopt an abandoned baby when he first found it at the garbage bin on the street corner. How can a homeless man who has never had a child and has never had a meal before raise a baby? But it is this lazy, sloppy and idle tramp who still retains the softest kindness and instinctive love of human nature. He instinctively picked up the child and looked around, trying to give it back to his mother.

Ironically, several times, he tried to give the child to a mother pushing a stroller, and several times he tried to give it to the policeman, but it didn’t work, because he was considered to be the one who wanted to abandon his child. Charlot’s unwillingness to take responsibility and shirk trouble is completely in line with human nature. He took in the abandoned baby Jacker only under the condition of necessity.

From the initial forced admission to living alone with the child, the little child brought him infinite joy and comforted his loneliness. The arrival of the abandoned baby made his small attic with tearful warmth, and the light of love sprinkled on the dirty bed, floor, windowsill and steaming pot. It was really a paradise on earth. Abandoning a baby is an angel who brings the gospel, so Charlot is reborn, and his kindness, dedication, courage, and the noblest affection and love are all aroused.

From forced adoption, to bravely and tactfully taking back the child from the orphanage car, to the loss of the child, all these are in line with the development of human nature and human feelings. The audience will laugh at Charlot’s teaching children to smash the glass with stones and then pretend to repair it. They will also cry when little Jacques is taken to the orphanage car …

Charlot, who lost her child, dreamed of becoming an angel with her son, as if to fly over the dark and miserable world. When she was swimming happily, suddenly, her wings were broken and planted. How lonely and confused it was-a tramp would never fly out of this world …

In 1918, "Joining the Army" tells the story of a gag recruit who won great achievements in the war and woke up only to find that it was a daydream. Chaplin played the role of recruit Charlot.

Charlot, who is full of shortcomings, only shows his noble character when facing love. The story of finding a son and meeting a fairy is like this, and so is the light of the city. After meeting a blind girl, the tramp stopped fooling around and became a conscientious cleaner in order to support her life. In order to cure her eyes, she "snatched" the money that the rich man gave him at night to default during the day and went to prison.

Charlot sweetly played a rich man who supported the blind girl, and accompanied her tenderly. The blind girl said a few words of thanks, and he gave the last bill he wanted to leave for himself to the blind girl. When he heard the blind girl say happily that if her eyes were healed, she could see him, and she immediately showed a frightened expression-ah, how contradictory he was. Of course, he hoped that the blind girl would see the light again, but how lost and sad she would be if she saw that she was not a graceful gentleman, but a tramp in rags.

At the end of the film, when Charlot comes out of prison, his bamboo cane is lost, his hair is getting messy, his pants are getting torn, and he looks so unlucky and sloppy that even the urchin teases him badly, and he falls awkwardly … Just then, he sees his blind girl.

Her eyes are healed, and she is looking at him from the flower shop and giving him a flower with pity and tenderness. When she touches his hand, she finds that this tramp is the "he" she is waiting for. What a shock, surprise and pity her eyes reveal!

At this time, Charlot just smiled and looked at the beautiful girl obsessively, without saying a word. Joy and fear, happiness and sadness came crashing down, pretending to be a gentleman was debunked, and his dignity collapsed. At the same time, a glorious and eternal love of human nature rose again. Through these subtle details and classic bridges, Chaplin excavated the most human part of Charlot with his kind heart, which deeply touched the audience.

Charlot, a tramp, is funny and humble, noble and beautiful, and his dreamy love stirs up laughter and crying in my heart, like music bouncing off an echo wall, echoing in circles and spreading for a long time …

Yes, Charlot was brave and witty and burst into passion only when he faced love. More often, when faced with all kinds of difficulties, this low-level nobody always tries to avoid, deceive himself, or is satisfied with solving problems superficially for a short time. He can do nothing but turn a blind eye to the essence of his predicament.

The short film "The Story of Charlow Joining the Army" is regarded as "making Chaplin rise to Shakespeare’s level for the first time" (georges sadoul), and Delluc said that it is "a film in which no one can bite his hand, and it is a film of crazy self-pity". In this film, there is a classic funny scene: when the enemy catches up, Charlot pretends to be a tree and does not move. There is a similar scene in Circus. In order to escape the police chase, Charlot stands motionless and dresses up as a game puppet …

Circus, taken in 1928, tells the story of a tramp who won money but lost love after being wooed by the circus. Chaplin plays the tramp Charlot.

In the face of pressure and predicament, Charlot seems to be only looking for an emergency solution, like a cat catching a mouse, and the mouse subconsciously defends itself. Once the trick is "poked" and the emergency measures fail, it can only flee again and find a new emergency solution.

Charlot is clever, and he seems to have the ability to cope with any situation; Charlot is clumsy again. He has never been able to solve the real problem. He just uses one appearance to overcome another appearance. The problem still exists, and his actions are particularly ridiculous and helpless.

Charlot also made a famous move, that is, "kicking backwards": when he was in trouble, whether it was a banana peel that made him slip or a great danger, his way was to turn around, take him by surprise, kick backwards, and then run away quickly, no matter how hard he escaped.

He kicked back happily, as if to kick off all the fetters that bound him and controlled him. It seems that because of this kick, he gained liberation and freedom, gained the courage to overcome difficulties, and then he could happily deal with new problems.

This kind of "kick backwards" is like "Twenty years later, another hero" written by Lu Xun’s Ah Q. However, Ah Q’s self-deception is more negative and gloomy, and Charlot has a more cheerful, lively and "upward" flavor. Although the audience knows that Charlot can’t solve any problems.

When we saw Charlot, a tramp, we repeated some actions with earnest devotion:

Trying to climb into the carriage, trying to sleep in bed after getting drunk, or trying very hard to find a job, go for gold, shovel snow, and please girls, tears of sympathy and pity welled up at the same time when we laughed at his ridiculous efforts.

Jean Cocqueteaux said, "Isn’t Charlot Kafka’s surveyor K?"

This K, no matter how hard he tries, will never get into the castle, nor see the officials in the castle, and will never solve his confusion.

Hou Mai said: "Funny is a gesture of people in fear. Because fear makes people involuntarily break away from the regular rhythm. "

In the pursuit of inertia, when moving chairs repeatedly, we saw a little person who was in a hurry and had to work hard to overcome the fear of life.

In Charlot, we see ourselves who are lonely, hardworking, but never successful. We see our own humbleness and dignity, anxiety and joy, selfishness and dedication, pity and love in a nobody …

Attachment: List of Chaplin’s Works

Countess from hong kong, 1967

King in new york, 1957

Stage Life, 1952

Mr. Verdu, 1947

The Great Dictator 1940

Modern Times, 1936

City Lights, 1931

Circus, 1928

Gold Rush, 1925

Pilgrim, 1923

A Woman in Paris, 1923.

Payday, 1922

The story of finding a son and meeting a fairy, 1921

Leisure Class, 1921

Pastoral in 1919

"Joining the Army" in 1918

Life of a Dog, 1918

Immigration, 1917

Easy Street, 1917

Tramp, 1915

Between showers, 1914

Making a living, 1914

This article is excerpted from

Seven and a half directors

Author: Zhao Lihong

Press: Guangxi Normal University Press Poet Thinker

Publication year: 2022-6

Original title: "Some comedies are forgotten after watching them, but Chaplin has always stayed in our hearts."

Read the original text

　　Absrtact: The essence of political ecology is to maintain the dynamic balance between political power and individual rights, and to study political phenomena, political problems and their political laws. Party member often serves as a leading cadre and a grass-roots public official. Because of the lack of system monitoring and restriction of public power in his hands, it leads to political corruption, which seriously damages the balance of political ecology. It is not conducive to safeguarding the fundamental interests of the people, is contrary to the "initial heart" of our party, is detrimental to "the foundation of building the party, the foundation of governance and the source of strength", and is also not conducive to the modernization of China’s national governance system. Only by correctly grasping a series of dialectical relations, such as ideological party building and institutional party management, party discipline and national law anti-corruption, party member cadre power and mass democratic rights, party member cadre power and responsibility, political risk and benign political ecology, can we purify the inner-party political ecology and build a clean and upright inner-party political ecology.

　　Keywords: political ecology; Strictly manage the party in an all-round way; dialectical relationship

　　Comrade Supreme Leader has emphasized on various occasions that in order to strengthen Party building, it is necessary to create a "beautiful" political ecology, "beautiful natural ecology and beautiful political ecology". On June 28th, 2016, when the Supreme Leader presided over the thirty-third collective study in the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, he once again emphasized the theoretical and practical significance of building a "serious inner-party political life and a healthy and clean inner-party political ecology". Not long ago, the Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee once again profoundly summed up our party’s historical experience in developing inner-party political life, thoroughly analyzed the new situation and new challenges faced by strictly administering the party in an all-round way, adhered to the problem orientation, adhered to a strategic plan, adhered to the unity of inheritance and innovation, deliberated and adopted Several Guidelines on Inner-party Political Life under the New Situation and Regulations on Inner-party Supervision in the Communist Party of China (CPC), comprehensively strengthened and standardized the norms of inner-party political life, and improved the inner-party democratic system and inner-party supervision.

　　In recent years, "political ecology" has become a hot word for officials and academics, and academic works and news reports on "political ecology" or anti-corruption governance are endless. Recently, Bao Xinjian and other scholars have used the term "optimizing the inner-party political ecology", which is reasonable, but this article will still use the term "purifying the inner-party political ecology". So, what are the concepts and characteristics of political ecology? What challenges does the inner-party political ecology in China face at present? What dialectical relationships do we need to grasp to purify the inner-party political ecology under the new normal?

　　First, on the concept of "political ecology" and other core issues.

　　1. Administrative ecology, ecological politics and political ecology.

　　In 1961, the book "Administrative Ecology" published by Fred Riggs was cited as a typical ecology of public administration’s works. In 1989, Wang Huning published the book Administrative Ecology Analysis in Fudan University Press, and in 1998, he published Administrative Ecology. However, administrative ecology and political ecology are completely different concepts.

　　Eco-politics and political ecology originated from the eco-political movement. In fact, they are two concepts related to the relationship between man and nature, involving a transformation process from "witch charm" (man fears nature) and "disenchantment" (man conquers nature) to "re-enchantment" (returning to the harmonious state between man and nature), which is a political philosophical reflection on the gradual ecologicalization of anthropocentrism. The former emphasizes the politics of ecology, focusing on the word "ecology", while the latter emphasizes the ecology of politics, focusing on the word "politics". The replacement of the words "ecology" and "politics" leads to the completely different meanings of ecological politics and political ecology. Western political ecology research is comprehensive, systematic and profound; China’s research in this field is in the early stage of development, which is relatively weak, but it is developing rapidly, and the research team is growing stronger and stronger, and the research is more in-depth, systematic and comprehensive. [2] In this regard, Zhang Qunhui, a doctoral student at Xiamen University, gave a detailed introduction to the origin, definition, characteristics, foreign research cases and China practice of political ecology. [3]

　　2. Inner-party political ecology and anti-corruption

　　Building a clean and honest party style and anti-corruption work are important contents and measures to strictly manage the Party in an all-round way and purify the political ecology within the Party. In essence, the reform and construction of anti-corruption system is a historical topic and a worldwide problem related to the logic of human nature and system, power and rights, interests and values.

　　Professor Yu Keping and his team always pay attention to the idea of democratic governance, and "he is one of the most prestigious thinkers in China about Chinese democratic theory and the most important scholar about intellectuals’ good governance discourse in China", and he has made many suggestions for China’s anti-corruption governance, with remarkable results. Professor He Zengke has been paying attention to and studying the issue of anti-corruption governance, and is the author of "The Cancer of Politics — — A Study on Corruption in Developing Countries, A New Way to Fight Corruption — — More than 10 books, such as A Study on Corruption in the Transition Period in China, put forward some important concepts such as selective punishment, soft restraint of law and discipline, institutional trap and cheap politics.

　　As early as 2007, Liu Jingxi published The Theory of Political Ecology — — An ecological investigation of political development, and later published some academic papers that systematically studied the theory of political ecology. Among them, the paper on the construction of the theoretical system of political ecology was considered representative by Professor Sun Guanhong [4]. In 2013, Professor Zhang Guoqing’s "Research on Social Governance" investigated the theory of social governance and the exploration and practice of social governance in China from the perspective of political philosophy in recent ten years, and put forward anti-corruption concepts such as "universal supervision" and "micro-governance" [5] (P570-585). Professor Chen Guoquan published The Theory of Power Restriction and Supervision, and put forward the countermeasures to establish the power restriction system and power supervision system. In 2014, Xia Meiwu published the book "Research on Contemporary China’s Political Ecological Construction" based on the doctoral thesis of Soochow University. This book borrowed almond’s structural and functional analysis method to systematically analyze the theoretical origin, practical path and practical effect evaluation of contemporary China’s political ecological construction. In 2015, Professor Bao Xinjian defined and distinguished "political ecology" and "optimizing inner-party political ecology" in Guangming Daily. [6]

　　Not long ago, Professor Sun Guanhong’s "Anti-corruption from the Perspective of Political Ecology: On the Relationship between Individuals and the State" combed the context of the concept of "political ecology" and made a detailed investigation on its core issues. Long Taijiang and AARON Li’s Anti-corruption of Party Discipline: Value, Problems and Function Development, Yuan Feng’s Study on the Unit Mechanism of Purifying the Political Environment of Public Officials, and Xia Yuanyong’s Causes and Governance Mechanism of Small Officials’ Greedy discuss the mechanism of purifying the political ecology from the microscopic levels of Party discipline, political unit environment and grassroots political ecology.

　　3. The necessary evaluation of political ecology research

　　Domestic research on political ecology and inner-party political ecology is moving from macro to meso and micro, from abstract to concrete, and from learning foreign concepts to concepts with China characteristics, which not only deepens and refines the research content, but also innovates the research methods, making important theoretical contributions to the study of inner-party political ecology. It is worth noting that there is still a tendency to confuse different concepts such as ecological politics and political ecology in academic circles, so we need to be vigilant and strictly distinguish them in order to accurately and scientifically grasp the true connotation of political ecology. Professor Bao Xinjian made a scientific and accurate definition of political ecology and inner-party political ecology in combination with the specific situation of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s ruling party, and we agree with him. Professor Sun Guanhong has clearly defined the concept of political ecology, and presciently pointed out that the core issue of political ecology is "the political balance between individual rights and state power" and that "the ultimate goal of anti-corruption should be to prevent the abuse of state power, thus ensuring the legitimate realization of citizens’ individual rights". This judgment is not only accurate, but also worthy of deep thinking and expansion. Yu Keping, He Zengke, Chen Guoquan, Liu Jingxi, Long Taijiang, AARON Li and other scholars have made great contributions to the anti-corruption governance mechanism. Scholars such as Zhang Guoqing, Yuan Feng and Xia Yuanyong have further refined and discussed the grassroots anti-corruption governance mechanism. Based on this, this paper will focus on the challenges faced by the current inner-party political ecology in China.Then discuss what dialectical relations need to be grasped in order to purify the inner-party political ecology under the new normal.

　　Second, the current challenges facing the inner-party political ecology

　　"Anti-corruption is not a ‘ Sports ’ Revolution, but the combination of palliative and permanent cure, corruption can not be completely eradicated in a certain period of social development, it will be hidden in our daily life and administrative process for a long time, for this, the relevant departments performing supervision and inspection functions and the general public should be more aware of our ‘ Anti-corruption action ’ There is a long way to go. Therefore, we should do a good job in supervision and reporting, and earnestly fulfill the right of supervision and reporting entrusted by the Constitution and laws. At the same time, we should also treat corruption and corruption rationally. Corruption is a global problem, and it is also a problem that must be faced when the society develops to a certain stage at a high speed. Today’s established developed countries with high corruption index, such as Sweden and the Netherlands, have also faced serious corruption problems in the process of industrialization and urbanization. Therefore, we should realize that corruption is the inevitable product of social development at this stage, just like the pain caused by setbacks that people must face in the process of growing up. For China’s political ecology, citizens should also have hope and confidence in it, and firmly believe that there is a long way to go, the road is tortuous and the prospects are bright. " [7](P152) Under the premise of such political awareness and referring to the current academic research results, we believe that the current political ecology within the party mainly faces the following major challenges:

　　1. Institutional corruption is serious, the functions of anti-corruption agencies are scattered, and the construction of party discipline and state law anti-corruption system is still difficult.

　　With the increasing anti-corruption efforts, the cases of official corruption are increasing, and scholars who were optimistic about anti-corruption have begun to reflect, thinking that the increase in the number of corrupt people and cases is rooted in institutional problems, which can be said to be institutional corruption, rather than simple human nature problems. Of course, the system problem mentioned here does not refer to the fundamental socialist system problem, but to the specific and detailed system problem, in other words, the system problem.

　　At present, the functions of anti-corruption institutions such as the Commission for Discipline Inspection, supervision and judicial organs are too scattered and repetitive, and it is difficult to form a joint anti-corruption force. It is difficult to resolutely investigate and deal with many corruption cases. In addition, thousands of years of traditional official culture, hidden rules and Chinese interpersonal relationships in China have become popular, which has seriously hindered the healthy development and virtuous circle of the inner-party political ecology.

　　As always, the Party and the country attach great importance to the construction of anti-corruption and judicial anti-corruption system. Although the corruption situation has improved, it has not been fundamentally reversed, and it is still necessary to "wade through mountains and rivers" from "palliative" to "radical". "China’s corruption is still at a medium level in the world and belongs to a relatively corrupt country. At present, corruption has emerged in China ‘ Privileged corruption ’ ‘ Small officials are greedy ’ And other new features, among which, ‘ Small officials are greedy ’ It also presents ‘ Collective crime ’ ‘ The means of committing crimes are becoming more and more concealed ’ ‘ The amount involved is getting bigger and bigger ’ ‘ The suspects are getting younger and younger ’ And other new features. " [8] From this point of view, the construction of anti-corruption system of party discipline and state law still has a long way to go.

　　2. The construction of prevention, monitoring and punishment mechanism for important fields and key positions is lagging behind, resulting in some public doubts about the party’s social governance ability and the government’s credibility.

　　How to establish a scientific and effective mechanism for selecting and employing people, especially how to make the nomination procedures and information of candidates open and transparent, has always been a major problem. In order to exercise democratic rights, the masses must first obtain open and transparent effective information to prevent being misled by wrong information or invalid information. In real life, the masses often can’t get effective information and make correct decisions, and they know little about how candidates are nominated and the consequences after voting, which leads to the fact that once candidates are elected as leading cadres, their power can’t be fully supervised by society and the masses.

　　At present, China is in the critical period of comprehensively deepening the reform of the economic and political system, and the situation at home and abroad is complex and changeable. China’s economic and social development faces a series of difficulties and challenges, especially "education, employment, social security, medical care, housing, ecological environment, food and drug safety, safe production, social security, law enforcement and justice, etc." [9] A series of livelihood and development issues are particularly prominent. The construction of prevention, monitoring and punishment mechanisms in these important fields and key positions is seriously lagging behind, and in some units and fields, it is still ineffective in implementation. Negative corruption is in a period of frequent occurrence, which seriously harms the political ecology within the party and easily causes some social public to doubt the party’s social governance ability and the government’s credibility.

　　3. The responsibility of the political subject has not been fully implemented, and corruption phenomena such as "big officials are greedy" and "small officials are greedy" are serious.

　　At present, corruption cases such as "great official greed" and "small official greed" occur frequently, but it is very difficult to investigate the responsibility and the enforcement is far from enough. The responsibility of the political subject has not been fully implemented, especially for the "top leaders", who are both "athletes" and "referees" in the unit. The supervision institutions of the Commission for Discipline Inspection set up in the unit have no ability to compete with them at all, and to some extent, they have to be controlled or obeyed by the "top leaders". As a result, it is not surprising that some cadres in party member are corrupted by privilege, followed by power, money and power.

　　In recent years, the high-level leading cadres of the CPC Central Committee, represented by Zhou Yongkang, openly engaged in privileged corruption within the Party, which had a great negative effect on the credibility of the Party and the government and seriously violated the Party’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics ideal and the highest belief in communism. Compared with the "tiger" privileged corruption case, the corruption case of petty officials is relatively hidden. Until recent years, because of the large number of people involved in the corruption case of petty officials and the huge amount of corruption, it is more direct, easier to be detected and more intolerable to harm the rights and interests of the masses, resulting in many cases of "petty officials are greedy" [8], which has attracted people’s extensive attention day by day.

　　This requires us to be constantly "alert to the new challenges of anti-corruption, such as family corruption, anti-corruption, group corruption, ‘ Qingshui yamen ’ The emergence of corruption and other problems has brought new topics and severe challenges to the current anti-corruption work. Therefore, in ‘ Looking for tigers and flies ’ In the process, we should pay more attention to system innovation and perfect supervision, and clarify the boundary between power and interests. Official corruption reflects the officialdom ecology, from improper recommendation to distorted investigation, from setting posts for people to promoting in spite of illness, from the funnel effect of naked officials to the will of the chief executive to slapping his head, collective responsibility is ineffective and alienated into ‘ Collective irresponsibility ’ Therefore, only by implementing the main responsibility and dispelling the smog of corruption, can the wind be clean and upright, and it will be prohibited. " [7]（P170）

　　4. Overexaggerate the risk of entering politics and confuse it with returning to a benign inner-party political ecology.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China fought corruption with an iron fist, the saying that "the people are not living well" has been quietly changed to the saying that "the officials are not living well". Obviously, it is the complaint of some bureaucratic groups affected by the political system reform, and they often criticize the high-level anti-corruption measures of the central government for being too harsh, which seriously infringes on the private lives and personal rights of officials, thus exaggerating the risks of officials in politics and confusing them with the return to the benign inner-party political ecology that should have existed. In fact, the masses are enthusiastic about the anti-corruption measures of the CPC Central Committee. Not long ago, the research group of the Party School of Xi ‘an Municipal Party Committee "Research on the Political Risks of Leading Cadres and Their Solutions" lasted for more than a year, and investigated 444 leading cadres, sorting out eight political risks, including power risk, duty crime risk, decision-making error risk, accountability risk, pink risk, media public opinion risk, making friends risk and political moral risk. [10] When this theory came out, it aroused a thousand waves in academia and the people.

　　The above four challenges constitute the main challenges of the current inner-party political ecology, and we have to take these challenges seriously. Because our Party is well aware of such a truth, if we continue to indulge in the corruption of leading cadres in party member and grass-roots party member and engage in sports-based anti-corruption governance, all previous achievements will be wasted and revived, which will seriously damage the political ecology within the Party and endanger the credibility and ruling foundation of the Party and the government.

　　Three, the five dialectical relations of purifying the inner-party political ecology

　　Compared with the economic system reform, the political system reform is more difficult, more risky and more costly, but it is a critical moment when we have to unify the political consciousness and core consciousness of the whole party, promote and realize inner-party democracy and unite all party comrades. At this moment, only by strictly administering the Party in an all-round way, purifying the inner-party political ecology and enhancing the Party’s ruling ability can we build our Party well and expand the foundation of building the Party, the foundation of ruling and the source of strength. In view of this, in order to build a clean and upright inner-party political ecology, we need to grasp the following five dialectical relations.

　　1. The dialectical relationship between ideological party building and institutional party building.

　　The most important points in the book "A Passage to the Avenue: Socialism in the Communist Party of China (CPC) and China" are: First, the development of China cannot be separated from the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), and only the Communist Party of China (CPC) can shoulder this historical responsibility; Second, it is not easy to shoulder this historical responsibility. We must unite the masses and rely on the people. We must organize the people and implement direct democracy at the grassroots level. Moreover, the core of party building lies in maintaining political subjectivity through ideological and institutional construction, and the root of building socialism lies in harnessing capital to serve the people. Among them, the issue of official corruption is an important issue that cannot be avoided. " [7](P168) In addition, it is entirely possible for China to become a highly developed economy in the world because of the high integration of its excellent traditional culture and socialist core values. Therefore, it is necessary to make full use of and highly integrate China’s excellent traditional culture and socialist core values, actively explore the mode of "internet plus Big Data+Anti-corruption", vigorously strengthen the ideological transformation of leading cadres in party member, especially in party member, focus on cultivating party member’s awareness of low-cost culture, and improve the low-cost culture and education system that "does not want to rot".

　　Only by combining ideological party building with institutional party building can we ensure the durability of strictly administering the party in an all-round way. Ideological Party-building is to keep the Party alive ideologically and theoretically, and to solve the problems of party member cadres’ ideals, beliefs and value pursuit. Governing the Party by system is to solve the problems of behavior norms, restraint and supervision, and standardize the behavior of party member cadres by scientific, procedural and standardized means. Without ideological party building, people can’t reach a consensus on basic issues, the system is difficult to formulate, and it can’t be carried out. Similarly, the achievements of ideological party building need to be implemented and guaranteed by the system, and the influence of ideas can be transformed into rigid binding force, which can only be achieved by the system. " [11]

　　Grasping the dialectical relationship between ideological party building and institutional party building is actually to grasp the dialectical relationship between governing the party by rules and governing the party by virtue. If we can’t rule the party by virtue, we will lose our spiritual support if we follow the rules. If we can’t govern the party according to the rules, it will be empty and weak to govern the party by virtue. No matter how perfect the party rules and regulations are, they still need people with virtue and public responsibility to abide by them and implement them. No matter how perfect the moral norms are, they can not only rely on self-discipline measures such as human consciousness and moral consciousness, but also need the guidance and protection of other laws and regulations. Human nature is difficult to measure and control, and the premise of system setting is always evil human nature. Therefore, at the implementation level, the system is more reliable than human nature and morality. Governing the party by system has become the key to comprehensively administering the party strictly and purifying the political ecology within the party. Only by enforcing heteronomy through self-discipline and ensuring self-discipline through heteronomy can we form a new pattern of managing the party and ensure its eternal innovation and development.

　　2. The dialectical relationship between party discipline and national law.

　　Law and justice should be the bottom line of anti-corruption governance, and party discipline and state law should be the sword of anti-corruption governance. Only on the basis of law and under the protection of the rule of law can social fairness and justice be realized and the principle of rule of law that everyone is equal before the party discipline and state law can be maintained. The formulation and implementation of party discipline and state law requires the participation of the people and elites in consultation, their prudent democratic appraisal and their democratic supervision.

　　Party discipline and anti-corruption are the political guarantee and the first line of defense for strictly administering the Party and purifying the political ecology within the Party, while national law and anti-corruption are the legal guarantee and the last line of defense for strictly administering the Party and purifying the political ecology within the Party. Once the first line of defense against corruption by Party discipline and the last line of defense against corruption by national law are lost, it will lead to the subversion of social fairness and justice and the out-of-control of social order. Therefore, we must correctly grasp the dialectical relationship between party discipline and national law against corruption.

　　It is necessary to constantly improve and strictly implement the party discipline, but also to specifically refine and implement the national law. As far as our Party is concerned, party member cadres and the masses party member must resolutely safeguard the dignity of the party discipline and state law, consciously develop a way of thinking under the rule of law, consciously safeguard and strictly implement the principle of the rule of law, and must not trample on and surpass the party discipline and state law. This is the bottom line principle for party member to be an official in politics.

　　3. The dialectical relationship between the power of cadres and the democratic rights of the masses in party member

　　To create a political ecology with the goal of "good governance", we should correctly handle the dialectical relationship between the power of cadres in party member and the democratic rights of the masses, design the system by using the principle of power balance, encourage the masses to exercise their democratic rights under the rule of law, and prevent party member leading cadres from abusing monopoly resources by using their power. Therefore, party member cadres should closely focus on the interests of the masses, keep close contact with the masses, rely on the masses, make full use of the carriers of party style and clean government education such as "three strictness and three realities" and "two studies and one doing", effectively change their work style, seek practical things for the people, promote development, and maintain and enhance the prestige of the party in the hearts of the masses.

　　When using power, leading cadres in party member must be cautious, respect legitimate public opinions, and take it seriously without infringing on the democratic rights of the masses, because restricting power with rights has become the general trend of world democratic politics. Once the people’s democratic rights are lost, the power of leading cadres in party member will not be fully supervised and effectively controlled, and they will fall into a dangerous situation of power abuse and power capital trading. Theoretically, the exercise subject of this comprehensive supervision and effective control should encourage and tolerate the participation of social forces, and finally ensure that rights are enjoyed by the people and power is controlled by the people, "making capital serve the overall interests" [12](P 8– 9）。 Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively deepen the reform and carry out top-level design. At the same time, it is necessary to consider and absorb social forces, build consensus in the whole party and society, and encourage social forces to use new media such as the Internet and mobile phones to conduct democratic supervision over the power of leading cadres in party member.

　　4. Dialectical relationship between power and responsibility of cadres in party member.

　　Hobbes presupposed the selfishness of human nature and the natural state, and built a Leviathan-style contract country, but it led to the Leviathan dilemma. Lord acton put forward the famous conclusion that "absolute power leads to absolute corruption". Many political thoughts around social contracts and political power, as well as the popular public choice theory later, all contained the crystallization of human wisdom, which deeply influenced not only the history of western political thought, but also the history of China’s political thought, thinking about power and power for future generations.

　　"Power is the most important resource to perform functions. More power means more interests and stronger initiative. Responsibility is the supervision and inspection of the specific operation of the government, and more responsibility means more work pressure and risk. ‘ Pursuing power and abandoning responsibility ’ Is with ‘ Rational economic man ’ The natural motives of the government and its officials. " [13] In order to prevent party member’s leading cadres from standing in cages with keys in their hands and controlling rent-seeking corruption, it is necessary to establish a system of unified and consistent powers and responsibilities within the party, enhance the political awareness of the relative power and responsibility of party member cadres, and encourage party member cadres not to be obsessed with power in their hands and not to look for opportunities for corruption, but to bravely shoulder the responsibility of public governance, fulfill their duties and plead for the people. To this end, the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee specifically made it clear that "the Party Committee bears the main responsibility, the Commission for Discipline Inspection bears the supervisory responsibility, and a feasible accountability system is formulated and implemented" [9].

　　In order to eliminate the disadvantages of self-supervision of leading cadres in party member, the state must design a stricter power restriction system and power supervision system at the top level, strictly implement the power list, negative list and responsibility list system, fully implement the joint and several liability system, the lifelong accountability system and the restraint and punishment system, strengthen the publicity system of grassroots affairs such as towns and communities, strengthen the dynamic monitoring of party member cadres’ exercise of power in key areas and key links, and the functional departments such as discipline inspection, people’s congress, CPPCC and justice should coordinate and supervise each other.

　　5. The dialectical relationship between the risk of being an official and the benign political ecology.

　　Under the background of strictly administering the Party in an all-round way and being in power in an all-round way, don’t exaggerate the social risk of being an official in politics, it is just a kind of "returning to the decent and healthy state that officialdom should have" [14]. No matter the size of the official position, the level of the position, greed for more and less, we should not slack off and perfunctory the duties of being an official in politics, do not take any chances, nor exaggerate the risks of being an official in politics, thus confusing duties with risks. "Being cautious and cultivating the mind is the best medicine to improve self-immunity in the face of political risks. Education, system and supervision are external constraints from the level of social construction. For officials, only from the source ‘ Knock ’ I have lived myself, guarded my inner bottom line, and I have exercised my heart of positive action and responsibility, and truly achieved self-respect, self-discipline, introspection, self-alarm, and self-motivation, in order to calmly guard against the so-called political risks. " [14]

　　Strictly administering the Party in an all-round way and purifying the inner-party political ecology is only the only way to return to the benign political ecology and optimize the inner-party political ecology. To be an official in politics, we should take the modernization of the national governance system as the goal, earnestly safeguard the fundamental interests of the broad masses of people as the starting point and the foothold, and realize the democratic political goal of Socialism with Chinese characteristics as the top priority. Therefore, only by persistently administering the Party strictly in an all-round way, constantly grasping the anti-corruption governance, building the ideological defense line of party member, laying a solid foundation for managing the Party systematically, reducing the stock of corruption, curbing the increase of corruption and preventing the "broken window effect" can we reconstruct the "picturesque" inner-party political ecology.

　　(Author: Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Hydropower)

　　References:

　　[1] Supreme Leader. Seriously inner-party political life, purify inner-party political ecology, and lay an important political foundation for comprehensively and strictly administering the Party [N]. People’s Daily, June 30, 2016.

　　[2] Xia Meiwu, Jin Taijun. Political Ecology: Theoretical Principles, Values and Practical Significance [J]. Learning and Exploration, 2012 (2).

　　[3] Zhang Qunhui. International experience of political ecology and China’s practice [J]. Foreign Social Sciences, 2015(3).

　　[4] Sun Guanhong. Anti-corruption from the perspective of political ecology: also on the relationship between individuals and the state [J]. Journal of committee of cpc zhejiang provincial committee Party School, 2016(4).

　　[5] Zhang Guoqing. Research on Social Governance [M]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang Education Press, 2013.

　　[6] Bao Xinjian. On optimizing the inner-party political ecology [N]. Guangming Daily, 2015-05-13.

　　[7] Zhang Yan, Gu Qingqing, editor-in-chief. Warning Record of Small Officials and Greedy [M]. Beijing: People’s Publishing House, 2015.

　　[8] Xia Yuanyong. Causes and governance mechanism of petty official greed [J]. Journal of committee of cpc zhejiang provincial committee Party School, 2016(4).

　　[9] Supreme Leader. Explanation on "the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Decision on Comprehensively Deepening Reform" [N]. People’s Daily, 2013-11-16.

　　[10] Xi ‘an Municipal Party School "Leading cadres in politics risk and its solution path research group. The risk of politics [N]. Huashang Daily, 2016-07-11.

　　[11] "study times" editorial department. Create a beautiful inner-party political ecology — — Students from the Continuing Education Department of the Central Party School talk about comprehensively administering the Party strictly [N]. study times, 2016-07-11.

　　[12] (France) Thomas? Picchetti. Capital in the 21st Century [M]. Trans. Ba Shusong et al. Beijing: CITIC Publishing House, 2014.

　　[13] Lu Min. Change and imbalance: the allocation of power and responsibility of local governments in transition [J]. social sciences in yunnan, 2012(1).

　　[14] Pushaling. If you are in officialdom, you must show the courage to die with yourself [N]. China Youth Daily, July 12, 2016.

　　Source: Journal of the Party School of Fujian Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, No.12, 2016

　　Notice of the General Office of the Beijing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the Beijing Municipal People’s Government on Printing and Distributing the Implementation Plan for Promoting the High-quality Development of Beijing Sub-centers

　　District committees, district governments, ministries and commissions of the Municipal Party Committee, municipal state organs, state-owned enterprises, people’s organizations and institutions of higher learning:

　　With the consent of the Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government, the Implementation Plan for Promoting the High-quality Development of Beijing City Sub-center is hereby issued to you, please conscientiously implement it according to the actual situation.

　　General Office of Beijing Municipal Committee of CPC　　　　

　　General Office of Beijing Municipal People’s Government　　　　

　　September 26, 2021　　

　　This implementation plan is formulated to thoroughly implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, plan and build the Beijing City Sub-center with a high starting point, high standards and high level, and promote high-quality development.

　　I. General requirements

　　1. Guiding ideology

　　Guided by the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era, we will thoroughly implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth Plenary Sessions of the 19th National Congress, implement the new development concept completely, accurately and comprehensively in accordance with the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, and build a new development pattern, closely focusing on the Opinions of the State Council on Supporting the High-quality Development of Beijing City Sub-centers (Guo Fa [2021] No.15, The general requirements, main objectives and key tasks specified in the Opinions are as follows: in accordance with the work arrangement of "policy in half a year, full implementation in three years, and effectiveness in five years", we are brave in reform and innovation, dare to try first, strive to create "the quality of urban sub-centers", and promote the integrated and high-quality development of urban sub-centers, Tongzhou District, sanhe city, Dachang Hui Autonomous County and Xianghe County (hereinafter referred to as North Three Counties). Building an important bearing place for the functional disintegration and population transfer in the central city, a high-quality model for the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and a national green development demonstration zone has become an important support for the construction of a modern capital metropolitan area, forming new wings of Beijing with xiong’an new area, Hebei, and contributing to the construction of a harmonious, livable and beautiful capital of a big country.

　　2. Basic requirements

　　— — Highlight planning first. Focusing on the regulatory detailed planning of the city sub-center, the "14 th Five-Year Plan" of the city sub-center and various special plans, we will improve the ability of overall planning and control, build an urban area without "urban diseases" in the future, and create a model for urban construction and development in the new era.

　　— — Highlight the drive of innovation. We will further promote comprehensive innovation with scientific and technological innovation as the core, strengthen scientific and technological empowerment, vigorously develop digital economy and urban science and technology, and create a new power source for high-quality development.

　　— — Highlight synergy. Focusing on resolving the function of non-capital, we will deepen the integration and high-quality development with the three northern counties, strengthen the strategic cooperation of Tongwu Corridor, and strengthen the linkage between the two wings with xiong’an new area, Hebei Province to promote a closer coordinated development pattern.

　　— — Highlight the green lead. Integrate the concept of green development into the whole process of economic and social development, promote carbon emission reduction, promote carbon neutrality, and realize the organic integration of production and life ecology.

　　— — Highlight open development. Seize the opportunity of "two districts" construction, speed up the establishment of a more competitive institutional system, and expand the new advantages of the service industry.

　　— — Highlight reform and innovation. Focus on key areas and key links, give city sub-centers greater autonomy in reform, opening up, innovation and development, promote deeper reforms, achieve deep integration and efficient linkage between reform and development, and enhance the endogenous motivation for the development of city sub-centers.

　　Second, strengthen the guidance of scientific and technological innovation and serve to support the construction of Beijing International Science and Technology Innovation Center

　　1. Innovative development of the digital economy. Integrate next-generation information technologies such as 5G, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, big data, and Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6), promote the city sub-centers to build a number of innovative platforms integrating digital technology and economy, and improve the technological innovation ecology of the digital economy industry. We will lay out the industrial Internet platform in subdivided fields, and rely on the Canal Business District and other sectors to gather new platform-based enterprise groups such as the industrial cloud platform. Enhance the innovation vitality of the information content industry, build an information content consumption experience hall, and rely on the characteristic cultural tourism resources of the city sub-center to attract a number of enterprises and platforms for digital content production and dissemination. Landing in China Information and Communication Research Institute and building a national ICT technology industry innovation base. Promote the development of network security industry agglomeration, accelerate the construction of national network security industrial park (Tongzhou Park), and build a national network security high-end industrial agglomeration demonstration base and a network security leading talent training base.

　　2. Vigorously develop urban science and technology. Attract a number of national science and technology innovation platforms, industrial innovation centers and urban science and technology frontier technology innovation centers to be located in urban sub-centers, give play to the role of government investment funds, and drive social capital to invest in scientific and technological innovation projects in urban sub-centers. Actively promote the implementation of the new round of pioneering and testing reform policy in Zhongguancun National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone in the city sub-center, accelerate the construction of municipal platforms such as Zhongguancun industrial collaborative innovation platform, scientific and technological achievements transformation coordination and service platform, and build a number of public scientific and technological service platforms such as technology research and development, concept verification, testing and inspection to provide professional services for enterprises. Explore the market-oriented pricing mechanism and benefit distribution mechanism of scientific and technological achievements transfer, support the docking of supply and demand of scientific and technological achievements between "three cities and one district" and urban sub-centers, and promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements with market prospects in urban sub-centers; Actively guide institutions of higher learning, scientific research institutes, scientific and technological enterprises and other sub-centers of the city to integrate and dock, and support the cross-regional construction of a number of Industry-University-Research innovation and achievement transformation entities. Formulate the supporting policies for the sub-center of the city to carry out the sandbox pilot work of science and technology application scenarios, build a number of major application scenarios around Internet hospitals, smart microgrids, smart communities, environmental governance and other fields, fully promote the construction of 12 major scenarios, such as the Smart Grand Canal (Tongzhou section), Digital Taihu Performing Arts Town, and Zhangjiawan Design Town of Science and Technology, and create a number of driving and exemplary scene benchmarks. Taking Zhangjiawan Design Town as the load, we will build future lab and design talent workstations.Promote the construction of the smart life laboratory of the Capital Institute of Innovative Design and Research, and create a new platform for the design capital.

　　3. Accelerate the development of intelligent manufacturing and high-end manufacturing. Promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional manufacturing industry, and adopt the model of "superior products+benchmark factories" to implement a number of "excellent products and intelligent manufacturing" projects. Taiwan-Malaysia science and technology plate will build an integrated circuit industrial cluster, build a high-end manufacturing base for integrated circuits, and cultivate an integrated circuit industrial chain with upstream and downstream cooperation such as chip design, advanced manufacturing, key processes and equipment, diversified applications and basic materials. Taihu Optical-Mechanical-Electrical Integration Base will build a national high-end equipment industry innovation demonstration zone and system solution source around the robot and intelligent manufacturing industry. Run Zhongguancun Tongzhou Park well, build the brand of industrial park and create a good innovation ecology.

　　4. Accelerate the development of modern agricultural science and technology. We will further implement the strategy of rejuvenating agriculture through science and technology, build a number of modern agricultural industrialization demonstration bases and demonstration parks, and improve the level of developing urban agriculture. It will be built in Jiawu International Seed Science and Technology Park, providing support for tackling key technical problems in the field of biological breeding, focusing on the development of seed research and development pilot, exhibition and trading, and agricultural science and technology services, so as to create an innovative highland for seed industry. Accelerate the construction of the direct supply center for fresh agricultural products in the sub-center of the city, build a smart logistics distribution system for agricultural products, improve the construction of cold chain logistics facilities for agricultural products storage and preservation, and smooth the sales chain of agricultural products.

　　Third, strengthen the linkage development with the central city and undertake the relief of non-capital functions.

　　5. Actively undertake the relief of non-capital functions in the central city. Actively promote the implementation of the incentive and restraint policies for non-capital functional reconciliation, and improve the institutional mechanism for functional reconciliation. Accelerate the second batch of municipal administrative institutions to move into the city sub-center in an orderly manner, complete the second phase of the administrative office area and supporting infrastructure projects, and guide other social service institutions closely related to administrative resources to move in. Accelerate the promotion of a number of high-quality resources such as second-and third-grade enterprises of central enterprises, municipal state-owned enterprises, private enterprises and headquarters of multinational enterprises to land in sub-centers of cities, and all the new office buildings of Beitou Group, BTG Group, Huaxia Bank, Beijing Architectural Design Institute, municipal affordable housing construction investment center and Beixun Company will be started in the first half of 2022. Guarantee the land demand for office space of state-owned enterprises and institutions that have moved to the sub-center of the city, and state-owned enterprises and institutions that meet the development orientation of the sub-center of the city are allowed to build or purchase office space when they are relocated to the sub-center of the city; Meet the allocation conditions, can be allocated to supply land; If the original state-owned land use right is recovered, the land can be arranged for the original land use right holder by agreement according to the planning and construction land use standard after approval, and the recovered land will be arranged for use by the territorial government according to law. Deepen the industrial twinning mechanism with the central city, establish a docking project library, form an industrial chain of "central city cultivation and incubation, sub-centers undertake development", and realize the enterprise’s non-inductive migration.

　　6. Strengthen the rapid traffic contact with the central city. Build a large-capacity rapid transit system based on rail transit, optimize the operation scheme of rail transit, and study and formulate the construction scheme of rail express line with the central city. Promote the construction of expressway connecting the central city and the sub-center of the city, complete the widening and reconstruction project of Beijing-Harbin Expressway, promote the west extension project of guanyin temple Road and Beijing-Qinhuangdao Expressway (East Fifth Ring Road-East Sixth Ring Road), and study and promote the cancellation of tolls for the sub-center of the city and the expressway in the central city. Accelerate the formation of a green and convenient public transport network, and rely on the Guangqu Road BRT demonstration corridor to study the operation scheme of the big station express train, so as to realize the rapid access between the city sub-center and the central city.

　　7. Continue to do a good job in providing services for the core functions of the capital. Strengthen the security forces and security protection, strengthen the collaborative control with the central city in the fields of population flow, social management, information transmission, security and so on, and ensure the safe, efficient and orderly operation of state government activities and the function of political center. Continue to strengthen the drive of scientific and technological innovation, speed up the layout of a number of national and municipal technological innovation centers and technological industry innovation bases, help the construction of Beijing International Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, and serve the functions of international scientific and technological innovation centers. Promote the construction of the Grand Canal National Cultural Park, strengthen the overall protection of the remains of sites along the Grand Canal, historical features of key areas, ancient towns and cultural relics, and serve to support the construction of the national cultural center. Plan to build an international organization cluster, attract a number of international organizations, international institutions and multinational corporations to settle down, create a new window for international exchanges, and serve the function of an international exchange center.

　　8. Strengthen the linkage with Hebei xiong’an new area. Improve the docking mechanism between the city sub-centers and xiong’an new area, Hebei Province, build an interactive platform between the two wings, and strengthen the exchange and sharing of experience in planning and construction, industrial undertaking and ecological management. Strengthen the rapid traffic contact between the city sub-center and xiong’an new area, and realize the connection between the two places through Jingxiong intercity railway and intercity railway connection line. Based on their respective functional orientation and resource endowment advantages, we will expand the fields of scientific and technological innovation and industrial development cooperation, promote the accurate docking between sub-center enterprises in cities and xiong’an new area, strengthen technical exchanges and cooperation in green cities, sponge cities and smart cities, and promote the mutual development of the two places.

　　Four, improve the function of financial business services, and build a new international business service center.

　　9. Building a global wealth management center. Accelerate the gathering of high-quality financial resources at home and abroad, promote the establishment of new investment, finance, science and technology, settlement and other financial business sectors of central and municipal financial enterprises, branches, newly-added professional subsidiaries and large enterprise groups, and encourage and attract high-quality foreign capital and private financial enterprises to settle down. Strengthen the construction of financial infrastructure, strive for the establishment of financial standards accreditation institutions, and promote the establishment of branches in sub-centers of cities by state financial supervision departments. Build a wealth management cluster in the Canal Business District, introduce a number of high-quality wealth management institutions at home and abroad, such as asset management, financial investment and bank financing, support financial institutions such as banks, insurance, securities, funds and trusts to carry out wealth management innovation business in the city sub-center, support the development of regional pension finance, health insurance and other businesses, and promote the cluster and international development of wealth management formats. Actively explore the development of real estate investment trust funds (REITs) pilot projects in the infrastructure sector and formulate supporting policies, accelerate the development of affordable rental housing REITs, and attract managers of publicly-funded REITs to settle in the city sub-center. Hold a global wealth management forum, regularly publish Beijing wealth management industry reports, compile wealth management development index, and build a high-end exchange platform and in-depth cooperation platform in the field of wealth management.

　　10. Build Beijing Green Finance International Center. Cultivate and develop all kinds of international and professional green financial market players, innovate and develop all kinds of green financial innovative products such as climate investment and financing, carbon rights trading, give priority to exploring and perfecting green financial standards and information disclosure systems in urban sub-centers, and turn urban sub-centers into main bearing areas and pioneering demonstration areas for green financial functions. Actively implement various green financial reform and innovation tasks, and strive for green bonds, green equity investment and financing in the city sub-center. Actively promote financial institutions to set up specialized green financial institutions according to law, accelerate the establishment of international green investment groups, and build green finance and sustainable financial centers. Promote the Beijing Green Exchange to upgrade to a global-oriented national-level green exchange on the basis of assuming the functions of a national carbon trading center such as voluntary emission reduction, and build and improve a green project library.

　　11. Promote the innovation and development of financial technology. Attract financial institutions and large-scale technology enterprises to set up financial technology companies in sub-centers of cities, and support financial institutions and enterprises to carry out financial technology innovation activities according to laws and regulations. We will build a statutory digital currency experimental zone and a digital financial system, actively promote the pilot of the statutory digital currency in the city sub-centers, actively attract large banks and other legally established digital RMB operating entities, attract qualified banks to participate in the pilot of direct banking, and explore the construction of digital asset trading venues. Build a joint laboratory of financial risk monitoring, early warning and regulatory innovation in Beijing City Sub-center to effectively prevent and resolve financial risks.

　　Five, accelerate the development of cultural and sports tourism, and create a demonstration zone for the integration of cultural tourism and business development.

　　12. Promote the integration of cultural, travel and business development. Create a national 5A-level scenic spot for Beijing (Tongzhou) Grand Canal cultural tourism, develop high-quality aquatic projects and cultural activities, and enrich the special tourism and leisure products of the Grand Canal; Strengthen the protection, planning and construction of Zhangjiawan ancient town, make a good connection with the planning of the Grand Canal National Cultural Park, and promote the cross-regional sharing of canal cultural resources. Promote the follow-up project construction of the Global Theme Park, and extend the development of cultural tourism industry chains such as IP design, animation games, performing arts and entertainment, and boutique homestays. Build Zhangjiawan, Taihu Lake and Songzhuang into characteristic towns supported by innovative design, comprehensive performing arts, original art design and trading, give play to the functions of "tourism+"and "culture+",further gather industrial development factors, improve industrial development facilities and enhance industrial development level. Build and operate public cultural facilities such as the city sub-center library, the city sub-center theater, the Grand Canal Museum (the East Hall of the Capital Museum) with high standards, and create a new landmark of the capital culture. Actively plan and hold beijing design week, Beijing (International) Canal Culture Festival, Taihu Performing Arts Week, Songzhuang Culture and Art Festival and other cultural activities, and strive to create cultural products.

　　13. Create a city of sports and happiness. Increase the supply of sports facilities, build a number of sports park demonstration sites, build Lucheng National Fitness Center, complete the upgrading of the stadium, and create a new carrier of national fitness. Enrich sports tourism products, and promote the development of cultural tourism and sports integration projects such as canal riding, brisk walking and dragon boat racing. Hosting domestic and international brand sports events, vigorously attracting top professional sports clubs such as football and basketball to settle in the city sub-center, and holding large-scale sports events such as marathon and orienteering.

　　Six, adhere to the concept of green development, the construction of national green development demonstration zone.

　　14. Further promote global greening and afforestation. Complete the creation of a national forest city, simultaneously carry out the creation of a national ecological garden city, continuously improve the urban green space pattern of "one heart, one ring, two belts and two districts", and improve the greening quality of urban green centers. Accelerate the construction of a green leisure and recreation ring around the city, create an ecological green belt in the east and west and a control area in the north-south ecological corridor, comprehensively build nine township landscape ecological forests, and promote the organic connection between the sub-center of the city and the surrounding ecological environment. Focus on promoting the greening construction of characteristic towns, and systematically plan and implement the greening landscape improvement construction such as road greening, town central park, public open space and ecological landscape forest belt around the town.

　　15. Improve the global park system with reasonable gradation and rich types. Plan to start and build a number of characteristic parks such as Chaobai River National Forest Park and Luxian Ancient City Archaeological Site Park. Promote the construction of regional ecological parks, and accelerate the planning and construction of regional ecological parks such as Tongyan Park, Chaobai River Park and Canal Park. Promote the upgrading and construction of comprehensive parks, complete the planning and construction of Yunjing Park (Phase II) and Liyuan Cultural Leisure Park (Phase II), and realize the uniform distribution of high-quality comprehensive parks. Promote the construction of community parks, build and implement a number of community-level parks in Songzhuang Art District and Cultural Tourism Zone, promote the landscape improvement of street parks such as Yichun Garden and Wanchun Garden, and enhance the daily recreation service capacity. We will further promote the construction of urban green space in the old city, make full use of urban marginal land, abandoned land and idle land to carry out green-returning, green-building and green-inserting, and increase garden green space and urban green space.

　　16. Build a fresh, bright, hydrophilic and pleasant water environment. Basically build the Tongzhou weir series flood diversion system with upper storage, middle drainage and lower drainage, speed up the implementation of the warm tide river reduction project, and comprehensively promote the urban flood control and drainage infrastructure construction. Implementation of south water network, north water network, two river water network management project, completed the comprehensive management project of Chaobai River, completed the management of backbone rivers such as Yudai River, Xiao Taihou River and Tonghui River, and realized the connectivity of the whole water system. Accelerate the construction of Yangwa Shiplock, carry out simultaneous upstream and downstream regulation of the North Canal and the construction of flood control standards, and promote the navigation of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei section step by step according to water resources conditions. Continue to deepen the pilot construction of sponge city, give play to the role of ecological space in rainwater storage, rainwater runoff purification, biodiversity protection and other aspects, and realize a virtuous ecological cycle. Carry out global wetland protection and restoration, promote the pilot construction of the eastern suburb wetland park, carry out the 1,000-mu wetland restoration boutique project, and create a wetland landscape area that reflects the landscape of the lake and has the function of ecological science popularization.

　　17. Create a healthy greenway network with excellent quality and outstanding features. Improve the "regional-urban-community" three-level greenway system, rely on river green corridors and traffic green corridors, build trunk greenways with dense and continuous shade, build second-and third-level greenways with pleasant scale, and build a complete and continuous greenway network with blue and green interweaving. We will implement the 300-kilometer boutique greenway upgrading project, focusing on the construction of a number of boutique greenways along the Chaobai River, the urban green heart-the Grand Canal, Guangqu Road-the administrative office area. Improve the services of greenway facilities, strengthen the functions of physical fitness, cultural experience, scenic leisure and slow commuting of greenway, and strengthen the supporting construction of post stations, signs and other facilities along the route.

　　18. Build a green, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system. Strictly control the total consumption of fossil energy, gradually phase out automobile gasoline and diesel, and promote the development of oil reduction; Cooperate with the traditional energy peak-shaving protection, optimize the current energy infrastructure layout, and incorporate the use of renewable energy into the comprehensive implementation plan of land planning as the review content of the planning and design plan of new residential and public buildings. We will formulate support policies for energy-saving and emission-reduction reform and innovation policies in urban sub-centers, explore application scenarios such as hydrogen energy utilization, intelligent heating and multi-energy coupling, and vigorously promote comprehensive smart energy service projects. Significantly increase the scale of external green electricity, promote the construction of Tongzhou North 500 kV transmission and transformation project and Beijing East UHV-Tongzhou 500 kV transmission project (Beijing section), and accelerate the construction of a safe and efficient regional power grid; Straighten out the transmission, distribution, consumption and accounting mechanism of external green electricity in urban sub-centers to form a policy environment conducive to improving the use of external green electricity in urban sub-centers. Fully tap the resource potential of urban sub-centers, comprehensively promote the priority development of renewable energy, and gradually increase the utilization scale of renewable energy such as geothermal energy and photovoltaic energy. Improve the overall efficiency of energy utilization, carry out demonstration application of smart microgrid, establish smart energy supply system, and realize the transformation from energy supply to comprehensive energy service.

　　19. Strengthen the green concept and lead the urban construction. Improve the construction standards of new buildings, implement the above two-star green building standards for new buildings, fully implement the three-star green building standards for new public buildings, and accelerate the application of photovoltaic facilities. Newly-built affordable and policy-oriented housing projects and newly-built buildings invested by the government adopt prefabricated buildings. Accelerate the energy-saving transformation of existing buildings, and upgrade the existing buildings in combination with urban repair and ecological restoration in the old city; Improve the application coverage of renewable energy in rural areas. Promote the application of green and low-carbon technologies in buildings, demonstrate ultra-low-energy buildings in key areas, and promote the application of technologies such as photovoltaic building integration (BIPV), high-performance solar collectors, indoor environment control, water resources recycling, green intelligent monitoring, and light storage and flexible new building power distribution system.

　　20. Build a green and intelligent urban operation system. Improve the supporting infrastructure of new energy vehicles and promote the electrification of motor vehicles. By 2025, urban service vehicles such as buses, taxis, time-sharing vehicles and sanitation transport vehicles will be basically electrified, and engineering vehicles will be gradually electrified, and the application of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will be piloted and demonstrated. Create a green heating system, gradually change the heating pattern, no longer add independent gas heating facilities, increase the large-scale application of green power in the field of heat pump and heat storage, and make use of medium-deep hydrothermal geothermal energy, shallow geothermal energy, medium-deep underground heat exchange resources, air energy and urban waste heat resources according to local conditions to promote the transformation of heating mode from centralized to distributed, and accelerate the realization of electrification and low carbonization. Build a water recycling system, promote the pilot demonstration of industrial wastewater resource utilization, and implement industrial water-saving technological transformation. We will build a recycling system for solid waste, accelerate the construction of the second phase of renewable energy power plants, pilot the construction of a number of landscaping waste recycling facilities, promote the recycling of landscaping waste, strengthen the collection and treatment of hazardous waste medical waste, and promote the implementation of technologies such as organic renewal and on-site recycling of construction waste in the transformation of old communities and villages in the city, and strive to build a "waste-free city".

　　21. Build an industrial system with green and low-carbon circular development. Strengthen the role of green rigid restraint, take the "double control" index of total carbon emission and intensity as the constraint condition of industrial landing, innovate management systems such as mandatory disclosure of environmental information and compulsory liability insurance for environmental pollution, and encourage the development of industries with high technology content, low resource consumption and low carbon emission. The administrative office area took the lead in building a near-zero carbon emission demonstration area, which promoted the construction of near-zero carbon emission demonstration areas in the Canal Business District, the Cultural Tourism Zone and the characteristic towns such as Zhangjiawan Design Town, Taihu Performing Arts Town and Songzhuang Art Town. Strengthen the construction of green innovation technology application scenarios, explore the establishment of a carbon-neutral laboratory in the city sub-center, carry out research and development of cutting-edge technologies such as carbon-neutral key technologies, new energy development and utilization, energy storage materials and technologies, and "low carbon in internet plus", and promote the local transformation of scientific and technological achievements in the city sub-center. We will promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries in Tongzhou Park, Shexian County and Yongle Store in Zhongguancun, strengthen the application of advanced green energy-saving and environmental protection technologies around emerging industrial clusters such as digital economy, information service and platform economy in Taima Science and Technology Plate and Xiji Net Anyuan Area, and comprehensively improve the development quality of enterprises through energy substitution, energy saving and efficiency improvement, process transformation and other measures to create green business cards for enterprises. Explore the path to realize the value of eco-products in sub-centers of cities, promote the construction of operating platforms such as the ecological resources storage center of sub-centers of cities, and conduct centralized storage, operation and development of land, trees, water and other resources.Promote the large-scale circulation, market-oriented transaction and industrial development of ecological resources.

　　22. Vigorously advocate a green and low-carbon lifestyle. We will promote the establishment of conservation-oriented institutions, give priority to purchasing green products such as energy saving, water saving, environmental protection and recycling in administrative offices, and give priority to new energy vehicles when updating official vehicles. Strengthen the management and information disclosure of energy conservation in public institutions, fully implement the household, district and sub-item measurement of energy consumption, and strengthen the target management of per capita energy consumption, water consumption and carbon emissions. We will carry out activities to create a plastic-reducing life and strengthen plastic pollution control in key areas such as administrative offices and tourist attractions. Organize and carry out a series of theme activities of "Civilization has me, green comes first" within the scope of the city sub-center, promote the creation of green families, green schools, green communities and green shopping malls, and establish a new trend that everyone advocates green development and practices green and low-carbon life. Strengthen the demonstration of green life, implement the reward of residents’ green life points, and encourage residents to practice green life by quantifying indicators such as green travel, water and electricity conservation, recycling of renewable resources, garbage sorting, and tree planting and greening.

　　Seven, the implementation of the four unified requirements, accelerate the construction of Tongzhou District and North three counties integrated high-quality development demonstration zone.

　　23. Accelerate the realization of regional traffic integration. Formulate and implement the comprehensive transportation integration promotion plan of the city sub-center and surrounding areas to improve the level of interconnection. Promote the construction of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei on the track, and speed up the opening of a number of lines such as Line 22 (pinggu line) and Jingtang Intercity Railway. Accelerate the opening of traffic jams, focus on the construction of a number of cross-border roads such as Factory Access Road, Yaojiayuan Road East Extension, Shixiao Road and Tongbao Road, and promote the widening and upgrading of Wuxing Road. Optimize the bus lines in and out of the three northern counties, build regional BRT corridors, and strengthen rail transit transfer to facilitate the rapid passage of the masses. Accelerate the integration of transportation services into the same city, promote the optimal setting of checkpoints, complete the setting of bus lanes at Baimiao and Xinggezhuang checkpoints, and improve the efficiency of entering and leaving Beijing.

　　24. Work together to protect the ecological environment. Efforts will be made to expand the regional ecological capacity, accelerate the implementation of the planning scheme of Chaobai River National Forest Park, realize the start of construction, and form an accessible and experienced large-scale green ecological space. We will improve the joint meeting mechanism for cross-regional river water environment management, strengthen joint law enforcement in cross-border areas, increase pollution interception along the river, and completely eliminate point source pollution entering the river. Establish and improve the regional atmospheric environment monitoring and early warning and joint supervision mechanism, gradually unify the regional ecological environment standard system and green environmental protection construction standards, and jointly implement comprehensive control of vehicle control, fuel saving, loose coal pollution and volatile organic compounds in accordance with the principle of "point to area, regional coordination, quantitative management and strict standards". Work together to promote carbon neutrality in regional peak carbon dioxide emissions, optimize and adjust regional energy structure, do a good job in energy conservation and emission reduction in key areas, strengthen scientific and technological cooperation in carbon capture and other fields, carry out research on forestry carbon sequestration system and mechanism, and enhance regional carbon sequestration capacity.

　　25. Promote coordinated division of labor and coordinated development of industries. Adhere to government guidance, market operation, cooperation and co-construction, promote the deepening of industrial division of labor and cooperation, extend the layout of innovation chain, industrial chain and supply chain in a wider scope, and jointly create a cross-regional industrial coordinated development demonstration zone. To implement the positioning of industrial functions, the sub-center of the city focuses on the layout of cutting-edge technology research and development links and scientific and technological innovation services, and strengthens coordination with the pilot incubation links, manufacturing links and supporting services in the three northern counties. Cooperate to build industrial parks, support the three northern counties to undertake urban manufacturing service industries, and deepen the coordinated division of labor and coordinated development of industries. Do a good job in the project promotion fair and encourage enterprises in Beijing to participate in the development and construction of the three northern counties in a market-oriented way.

　　26. Make overall plans to promote the sharing of public service resources. We will jointly cultivate the functions of regional medical care and old-age care services in the three northern counties, promote the extension of Beijing’s old-age care services to the surrounding areas such as the three northern counties, unify the old-age care standards, and implement cross-regional subsidies for old-age care institutions and other encouragement and support policies. Guide the deep layout of Beijing’s high-quality medical and health resources in the three northern counties, and promote Chaoyang Hospital, Tiantan Hospital, Children’s Hospital affiliated to Capital Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and other counterparts to support relevant hospitals in sanhe city. Friendship Hospital Tongzhou Campus, Luhe Hospital, Tongzhou District Maternal and Child Health Hospital and other hospitals will establish technical support mechanisms with existing medical institutions in the three northern counties. Gradually realize cross-regional two-way referral, mutual recognition of inspection results of hospitals at the same level, establish a regional medical and health resource sharing platform, promote direct settlement of inter-provincial medical network, and improve the convenience of medical settlement in different places. Strengthen educational cooperation, deepen educational exchanges and cooperation between city sub-centers and the three northern counties by means of cooperative education, distance education and establishing branch schools, support Dachang Hui Autonomous County to undertake the functions of R&D incubation, integration and innovation of Renmin University of China, and encourage the distribution of high-quality vocational education resources in Beijing to the three northern counties. Promote the co-construction and sharing of large-scale cultural and sports facilities, jointly undertake and promote major sports events, and promote the exchange of cultural activities between regions. Explore the housing cooperation mechanism with the three northern counties, support the three northern counties to revitalize the existing land, make rational use of incremental land, cooperate in building affordable rental housing, and solve the problem of regional job-residence balance for employees of party and government organs and enterprises and institutions who have moved to the sub-center of the city.

　　27. Support the construction of a modern capital metropolitan area. Implement the division of labor plan of the modern capital metropolitan area, deepen the industrial cooperation of Tongwu Corridor, enhance the radiation-driven effect on the surrounding areas, and demonstrate and lead the integrated development of the "commuter circle" by point-to-circle and coordinated linkage. Establish and improve the docking mechanism of transportation planning, improve the efficient and convenient regional transportation network, and continue to promote the construction of a number of cross-city roads. Improve the level of industrial cooperation, give full play to the demonstration and leading role of the park, establish a coordination and docking mechanism for key parks such as Zhongguancun Tongzhou Park, Langfang Development Zone and Wuqing Development Zone, and build a cross-regional industrial cooperation platform. Taking the integration of tourism market as the direction, we will promote the integration of tourism resources in Tongwulang, encourage the main bodies of tourism market to cooperate and jointly create characteristic tourist business cards in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Accelerate the overall development of public services in Tongwulang, deepen the cooperation between education and medical care in different places, and build a number of high-level educational and medical institutions serving the people in the three places.

　　Eight, seize the opportunity of the "two areas" construction, and expand the new advantages of the service industry.

　　28. Establish a more competitive institutional system. Accelerate the construction of the national service industry, expand the sub-center area of the open comprehensive demonstration zone, build a high-quality Tongzhou group in the international business service area of the China (Beijing) Pilot Free Trade Zone, formulate a high-level support policy for trade convenience and investment convenience in the sub-center, strive for greater policy support for cross-border finance, cultural trade and digital trade in the sub-center, and build the sub-center into a highland for financial innovation and high-end business development in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei. In-depth implementation of the national treatment plus negative list management system before foreign investment access, the reform of "regional evaluation+standard land+commitment system+government supporting services" for enterprise investment projects, and deepening the reform of investment approval system. We will continue to expand the "single window" service function and application field of international trade, promote the implementation of the certified operator system (AEO), and encourage the development of new modes and formats in cross-border electronic commerce. Steadily promote qualified enterprises to carry out pilot projects of local and foreign currency integration fund pool in the city sub-center according to regulations. Carry out personalized financing services suitable for science and technology enterprises, promote the pilot of intellectual property insurance business in urban sub-centers and formulate support policies. Actively promote the pilot project of cross-border data flow safety management in sub-centers of cities, implement the safety review system for foreign investment in key areas, formulate risk prevention and control lists, clarify risk points and prevention and control measures, and improve the accuracy of risk prevention.

　　29. Promote open innovation in key areas. Improve the internationalization level of high-end service industry, and encourage law firms, accounting firms and asset appraisal institutions familiar with international laws, accounting and auditing standards to be located in the city sub-center. Accelerate the establishment of a green channel for the registration of professional service institutions, support foreign investors to invest in operating vocational skills training institutions, and increase the supply of international education and high-end medical resources. Allow overseas high-end consumer service institutions to open experience centers and sales centers in sub-centers of cities, and explore the "online+offline" operation mode of duty-free goods. Relying on Zhangjiawan design town, we will speed up the gathering of design resources and land a number of innovative platforms, leading enterprises, brand institutions and entrepreneurial teams in the design field at home and abroad. Declare the comprehensive bonded zone of the city sub-center as required, and strengthen the integration of factors and industrial support against the international advanced level. Relying on cultural tourist areas, international cultural performances, exhibitions of artworks and sporting goods will be held to promote the open development of new-style cultural and sports tourism.

　　30. Promote the formation of a unified regional open market. Promote the construction of a land, sea and air port system serving Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei and radiating the whole country, promote the sharing of customs clearance logistics data in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, create more efficient and convenient customs clearance conditions, and improve the level of regional customs clearance facilitation. Strengthen the sharing of government information, promote the realization of regional general office of government services, mutual recognition of standards and acceptance, mutual recognition of inspection and testing results, and gradually realize the "same standard" with colleagues in government services in Tianjin and Hebei Free Trade Zone. Explore the establishment of a joint credit mechanism in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Pilot Free Trade Zone, and improve the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integrated credit information system. Establish and improve the information sharing mechanism of human resources in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, explore the establishment of cross-regional mutual recognition, learning and exchange systems for international and domestic talents, and promote the free flow of talents across regions.

　　Nine, develop new consumption formats and new models, and build a new engine of an international consumption center city.

　　31. Promote the organic integration of online and offline consumption. Develop new consumption such as digital culture, live stream economy, online medical care, smart tourism and smart sports, and further improve relevant policies to optimize consumer products and improve the service quality of commercial services. Introduce new warehousing member stores with online and offline integrated operation, and develop new formats such as unmanned retail, "convenience store+fresh food" and community wisdom study. Encourage recreational activities, health care and rehabilitation, flowers and green plants and other life services to enter the community, carry out full-time operation, and provide real-time and convenient services for community residents. Support the community to build a "cloud-network-integrated" public service platform, open the channel from in-store service to on-site service, expand service channels and contents by using new media technologies, and provide personalized and professional services for community residents.

　　32. Leading new consumption with new technologies and new scene applications. Promote the landing of new consumption formats led by information technology and digital economy, build an international technology consumption display platform, and build a global launch site for new technology products. Strengthen the application of digital new scenes around 5G ultra-high definition video live broadcast. We will promote the application of innovative technology layout such as VR/AR interactive entertainment, virtual reality show and digital exhibition, and accelerate the leading business entities to carry out new business layouts such as smart tour guide, immersive cultural and sports leisure and digital exhibition, so as to enhance the customer consumption experience. Cultivate characteristic online consumption such as cloud travel, cloud performance and cloud reading. Aiming at the digital needs of new consumer groups, support key business districts and large commercial centers to introduce a number of future stores, concept stores and art shopping centers, and promote the construction of smart stores, smart blocks and smart business districts. Encourage large retail stores and brand stores to transform into characteristic experience stores and customization centers, and expand new modes of collaborative manufacturing and personalized customization. Promote the digitalization and intelligent upgrading of community commerce, encourage Internet platform enterprises to use the advantages of technology, data and supply chain to empower community commercial outlets in sub-centers of cities, and improve operational efficiency and accurate service capabilities.

　　33. Create a multi-level differentiated regional business circle. We will build a new commercial center in the east with the integration of stations and cities, adhere to the development concept of public transportation, and create a new landmark of commercial functions in the east of Beijing with the integration of transportation functions, business office, culture, entertainment and consumer services. Combining the brand combination, business combination and application scenarios of large-scale projects in the Canal Business District, we will create a number of themed business sectors to achieve differentiated development. Implement the "one store, one policy" transformation of traditional shopping malls, promote the transformation and upgrading of commercial facilities, and enhance the attractiveness of stores and the radiation of business circles. Accelerate the cultivation of characteristic blocks, increase brand integration and optimization of key blocks, and establish a commercial block system with its own characteristics and mutual echo.

　　Create an active night consumption block, support the Canal Business District to use underground space to create a fashionable and dynamic night economic block, rely on the above-ground waterfront space to create a canal night consumption belt, optimize the night consumption scene, and create a night consumption culture IP.

　　Ten, adhere to the planning guidance, the implementation of high standards of planning and construction management.

　　34. Strengthen the control of national territory and space. Coordinate the delineation and implementation of three control lines: permanent basic farmland, ecological protection red line and urban development boundary. We will implement the strictest farmland protection system, push forward the delineation of farmland protection space, and fully implement the special protection of permanent basic farmland. Strengthen the planning control of "two lines and three districts", implement global control of centralized construction areas and restricted construction areas, plan and guide ecological control areas, strengthen the protection and supervision of ecological resources elements, and carry out ecological conservation and restoration.

　　35. Improve the quality of urban construction. Establish a standard system for municipal facilities and eco-environmental protection construction of sub-centers of cities higher than national standards and industry standards, and promote the construction of green cities, forest cities, sponge cities, resilient cities, smart cities, humanistic cities and livable cities. Strengthen urban design guidance, adhere to the above-ground and underground three-dimensional development, strengthen the control of new high-rise buildings, strengthen the management of super-large public buildings, super-high-rise landmark buildings and key areas, and shape the characteristics of the city era. In-depth promotion of special actions to ease remediation and promote upgrading, classification and reuse of vacated space, high-standard implementation of back street and alley remediation and upgrading, focusing on outstanding problems reflected by the masses such as property management and public services, rolling up the remediation list, and comprehensively improving comprehensive management capabilities.

　　36. Carry out in-depth urban repair and ecological restoration in the old city of Tongzhou. Improve and upgrade the functional system of the old city, implement the comprehensive renewal of 18 half-hutong cities in the South Street area, build a number of home centers, and build a number of demonstration sites of boutique blocks. Improve the livable quality of the old city, complete the comprehensive renovation of a number of old communities, supplement public services and people’s livelihood facilities, improve lighting, greening, parking, elevators and other facilities, and improve the coverage area of community green space services. Promote urban renewal projects, enrich the functions of existing public spaces along railways, hard embankments and under viaducts, and enhance the vitality of urban public spaces.

　　37. Implement the rural revitalization strategy. In accordance with the requirements of industrial prosperity, ecological livability, rural civilization, effective governance and affluent life, we will vigorously promote rural revitalization and promote the beauty of both urban and rural areas. High-level construction of beautiful countryside, continuous optimization of rural living environment, construction of roads in beautiful countryside, promotion of access to municipal water supply in villages with conditions around towns, and construction of a number of green demonstration villages. Coordinate the construction of functional new towns, build key functional nodes of urban-rural integration development, and drive regional agricultural and rural modernization.

　　XI. Strengthen digital governance and accelerate the construction of smart cities.

　　38. Accelerate the layout of new infrastructure in smart cities. Accelerate the layout of new high-speed ubiquitous communication networks, realize continuous coverage of 5G, full coverage of family gigabit access capacity and business building gigabit access capacity, fully build a 100G bandwidth e-government network transmission backbone network, and realize full coverage of 1.4G broadband trunking private network. Build the world’s leading digital twin city base, strengthen the construction of urban information model platform and operation management service platform, and advance the layout of digital infrastructure projects represented by big data platform, urban brain and smart light pole perception carrier. Formulate the international leading smart city standard system, standardize the planning, construction, delivery and operation of information systems, and lead the construction of smart cities.

　　39. Build a high-quality digital livable environment. Promote the construction of a smart life experience museum, effectively integrate smart applications in public facilities, life, environment and other fields, and provide citizens with new technology experience applications. Introduce new digital retail forms such as non-inductive payment and credit payment to improve the quality of life of citizens. Promote the construction of smart communities, promote smart homes, upgrade the security system of smart communities, and promote the construction of intelligent facilities for the elderly such as remote consultation and health tracking at home. Relying on the 12345 citizen service hotline, we will integrate various channels of interaction between the government and the people, and use artificial intelligence, big data and other technologies to achieve "active governance, first handling without litigation". We will build smart medical care, smart education, and smart transportation in a panoramic open mode to improve the level of smart services for the benefit of the people.

　　40. Strengthen the collaborative intelligence of urban governance. Promote the construction of Beijing government big data platform in city sub-centers, promote "Internet+government services", and formulate support policies for the reform of government services in city sub-centers. In accordance with the principle of large-scale system and flattening, we will build an efficient organizational system, make overall use of various compilation resources, and promote the reform of urban management and law enforcement system. Starting from the outstanding problems of urban governance, taking events as the traction and data-driven department business process optimization, we will build a "one network unified management" system in the fields of urban management, emergency command and comprehensive law enforcement. We will build a new mode of intelligent management and control by moving the gateway forward, carry out urban physical examination and simulation judgment, strengthen real-time monitoring and early warning judgment in utility tunnel, strengthen the dynamic perception of the operation status of dense buildings such as safety and energy consumption, and improve the ability of accurate management and control. Improve the regional natural disaster early warning and monitoring network and the collaborative linkage mechanism of emergency response.

　　Twelve, adhere to the traffic first, and build a convenient and efficient modern transportation system.

　　41. Build modern and efficient rail transit. Strengthen the function of transportation hub, build a comprehensive transportation hub of urban sub-central station integrating station and city, promote the "four networks integration" of high-speed railway, intercity railway, regional express line and urban rail, and simultaneously promote the function construction of urban terminal. Build a new urban sub-center rail network, improve the rail transit service capacity, complete the south extension of Line 17 (urban sub-center section) and Line 6, and accelerate the construction of lines M101, M102, M103 and M104. Formulate the operation standard of city (suburban) railways for public transportation, build a number of demonstration projects of city (suburban) railways, and transform and upgrade the double-track of the sub-center line of suburban railways.

　　42. Build a smooth internal road traffic network. Encrypt the internal road network, realize efficient circulation, speed up the implementation of the underground transformation of the sub-center section of Beijing East Sixth Ring Road and the relocation of the national expressway function, build east-west trunk roads such as Luyuan Second Street, improve the north-south trunk roads such as Yile West Road, and basically build the "eleven horizontal and nine vertical" backbone road network system. Improve the secondary branch system in the old city, open a number of broken roads, promote the construction of a number of micro-circulation roads, and improve the efficiency of road traffic. Optimize the road construction of key functional areas, strengthen the rapid communication between internal and external areas such as Global Theme Park, Canal Business District, Zhangjiawan Design Town, Taihu Performing Arts Town, Songzhuang Art Town, etc., and create an urban landscape avenue.

　　43. Improve comfortable, convenient and eco-friendly green transportation. Implement the bus priority strategy, optimize the bus network, speed up the construction of stations and bus lanes, and initially form a fast, convenient and diversified bus service system in combination with the road construction plan and traffic demand. The coverage rate of bus stops in the centralized construction area is over 95%. Develop diversified bus services, continuously increase and open a number of customized bus lines, and build a demonstration corridor for bus rapid transit on Guangqu Road; Three transportation hubs of Universal Studios North, Eastern Xia Garden and Tongma Road will be built, and two bus central stations of Dongxiaoying and Wenlv District West will be built. Improve the eco-friendly slow-moving system, increase bicycle transfer (B+R) facilities, build a demonstration project of bicycle lanes along Tonghui River, build a bicycle-friendly city, and build a continuous and comfortable slow-moving network along the river, along the green and along the road. By 2025, the cumulative total mileage of sidewalks and bicycle lanes will reach 1,500 kilometers.

　　44. Build a static traffic with a balance between supply and demand. Adhere to equal emphasis on construction and management, ease the parking contradiction in an orderly manner, give priority to sharing parking spaces in the old city, make up the gap of basic parking spaces appropriately, build seven public parking lots, such as the parking lot at the traffic hub of Tongdao Road, and pilot study the use of underground space and under-bridge space to build social public parking facilities. Innovate the parking management mechanism, and promote the paid sharing of special parking lots such as government agencies and state-owned enterprises and institutions. Reasonably guide the travel demand, implement the basic requirements of "parking in place, parking payment and penalty for violation of parking", promote the full coverage of electronic parking fees on roads, and fully realize the standardized management of on-road and off-road parking. Build park-and-ride (P+R) facilities and intelligent parking platforms to guide parking scientifically. 26,000 new charging piles were added to improve the coverage of urban charging piles.

　　Thirteen, closely follow the requirements of "seven haves" and "five needs" to improve the level of public services.

　　45. Vigorously improve the level of educational modernization. Strengthen basic education, build a number of high-quality schools in cities and districts, such as Beijing School, Beijing No.1 Experimental School and primary and secondary schools affiliated to Materials College, implement projects such as upgrading century-old schools, excavating characteristic schools, supporting rural schools and ensuring high-quality schools, and cultivate and expand a number of local high-quality brand schools, such as Luhe Middle School. Strengthen the construction of institutions of higher learning, and build a new campus of China Renmin University in Tongzhou (Phase I) and a financial development and talent training base in Tongzhou, Tsinghua University. Improve the vocational education and training system, deepen the integration of production and education, school-enterprise cooperation, accurately meet the needs of industrial talents in urban sub-centers, and enhance the regional development capacity of education services. We will build a team of high-quality professional teachers, continue to implement the plan to improve teachers’ quality, establish an incentive mechanism for excellent work and excellent remuneration, strengthen policy support and guarantee, and constantly improve the ability to attract and train outstanding teachers. Promote the reform of educational methods, implement the policy of "double reduction", promote the exchange and rotation of teachers in an orderly manner, and improve the quality of education.

　　46. Improve the level of medical and health services. Strengthen the public health system, strengthen the construction of disease prevention and control system, build a dynamic monitoring network of infectious diseases covering the whole region, carry out standardized construction of fever, respiration and intestinal outpatient service in medical institutions, and consolidate the disease prevention responsibilities of community health service centers (township hospitals). Improve the normalization mechanism and prevention and treatment system of epidemic prevention and control in urban sub-centers, improve the emergency treatment capacity, reasonably reserve emergency medical facilities, promote the transformation of public facilities for both epidemic prevention and epidemic prevention, and improve the resilience of regional medical treatment. Accelerate the training of a group of compound public health talents for prevention and control, and the proportion of disease control power per 10,000 permanent residents will reach 1.75. Improve the supply capacity of high-quality medical resources, encourage social forces to organize international hospitals according to laws and regulations, and realize the completion and use of a number of high-quality medical resources such as anzhen hospital Tongzhou Campus and Friendship Hospital Tongzhou Campus Phase II Project. Strengthen the construction of smart hospitals and Internet hospitals, promote the application of cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence and 5G in medical services such as medical diagnosis and treatment, family doctor services and pre-hospital first aid, and improve the level of smart health services.

　　47. Build a multi-level pension service system. Promote the multi-point balanced layout of old-age service facilities, build Tongzhou District Nursing Home, and achieve full coverage of old-age service institutions at the street and township level and old-age service sites at the village level. Innovate the operation and management mechanism of pension institutions, promote the separation of management and operation of public pension institutions, and introduce high-level operation teams to undertake the operation of public pension institutions. Encourage social forces to participate in old-age care services, give play to the basic role of family care, promote the integration of institutions, communities and home care, and support the embedded setting of old-age care institutions into old-age service centers and day care centers. Develop smart old-age care, use the Internet and other technical means to build an information platform for old-age care services and expand the intelligent supply of home-based old-age care services. Explore the establishment of long-term care insurance system. Around the high-frequency issues and service scenarios such as travel, medical treatment, consumption, entertainment and work for the elderly, we will build old-age public facilities and develop old-age products and services to solve the "digital divide" problem faced by the elderly.

　　48. Improve the quality of employment and the income level of residents. We will implement the employment priority policy, improve the entrepreneurial service system, encourage multi-channel flexible employment and labor-skilled employment, support and standardize the development of new employment forms, promote the employment of key groups with precise policies, ensure that zero-employment families are dynamically cleared, and control the urban survey unemployment rate within 5%. Increase the operating and property income of urban and rural residents through multiple channels. Activating rural factor resources and increasing farmers’ income. Increase the intensity and accuracy of redistribution adjustment such as taxation, social security and transfer payment. Efforts will be made to expand middle-income groups, implement the action plan for sustained and steady growth of per capita disposable income of residents, continuously increase the income of low-income groups and continuously increase the proportion of middle-income groups. Improve the level of workers’ human capital and increase the income of skilled talents. Further increase the support of key groups, and do a good job in stabilizing income and increasing income of groups with unstable income.

　　Fourteen, strengthen the protection of talents, and create a new highland for professionals.

　　49. Innovative talent introduction mechanism. Vigorously attract high-level, high-skilled professionals who meet the development orientation of urban sub-centers. Improve the integration mechanism between industry and talents, give full play to the advantages of the linkage mechanism between talents and industry, focus on the fields of headquarters economy, wealth management, financial technology, cultural tourism, digital economy and intelligent manufacturing, strengthen accurate talent introduction, promote the deep docking and integration of talent chain and industrial chain, and encourage talents to bring resources to the development of urban sub-centers. In-depth implementation of the Beijing City Sub-center’s high-level talent introduction support plan, increase the flexible talent introduction in cutting-edge research such as artificial intelligence and big data, and key development areas such as financial technology and cultural creativity, and encourage high-level talents to work part-time in the city sub-center to innovate and start businesses. Formulate support policies for the pilot reform of international talent service management in city sub-centers, and establish an accreditation mechanism for overseas professional qualifications in key areas.

　　50. Strengthen personnel training and support. Strengthen the training of talents, and support the ways of "government-enterprise-university-research cooperation", "production-oriented training" and "order-based education" to supplement the shortage of professionals. Build an entrepreneurial platform for officers, increase the protection and application of talent innovation achievements, actively provide application scenarios for new technologies and achievements, and broaden the channels for the transfer and transformation of innovation achievements. Continue to increase support for key laboratories, engineering (technical) research centers, Post-Doctoral Research Center, academician expert workstations and other innovative and entrepreneurial platforms, and give sustained financial support to well-developed platforms.

　　51. Optimize the talent incentive guarantee mechanism. Establish and improve the talent reward mechanism, reward talents (teams) who have made major breakthroughs, made outstanding contributions and played a great role in promoting, and strive to enhance the sense of belonging and honor of talents. Improve the quality of talent service, explore the establishment of a "talent green card" system, and give key support to talents in areas such as settlement, education, medical care and housing. Relying on the comprehensive service hall of human resources, we will set up a "one-stop" service window, build a public service network platform for talents, and provide "online+offline" full-process convenient services for talents. Build an international talent community and speed up the layout of characteristic areas with overseas atmosphere, multiculturalism, innovative undertakings, livable life and service guarantee. Promote the construction of Beijing, China Human Resources Service Industrial Park, attract more high-quality human resources enterprises and state-level foreign affairs service agencies to settle in, and provide full-chain talent services.

　　Fifteen, strengthen financial support, effectively protect the needs of urban construction and development.

　　52. Actively seek financial support from the central government. Strengthen communication and docking with the central finance department, and strive for the central finance to increase its support for ensuring the construction and operation of basic public services in urban sub-centers. On the premise of keeping the overall risk of government debt under control, actively strive for the central financial department to increase the support of local government bonds, and take the financing demand for the construction of urban sub-centers as an important factor to be accounted for separately. Actively strive for the support of the national financial management department, and learn from the experience and practices in the field of asset management in the pilot free trade zones in the city sub-center. Actively promote the issuance and listing, mergers and acquisitions, equity transfer, bond issuance and asset securitization of qualified enterprises in the city sub-center and surrounding areas.

　　53. Give full play to the leading role of government investment. Encourage the use of authorized operations, infrastructure projects with operating construction content and other ways to revitalize existing assets, and formulate guidance for innovative financing models of urban sub-center investment and construction groups. Optimize the structure of fiscal expenditure and government investment, give priority to fiscal expenditure and project investment in infrastructure, public services, people’s livelihood security and other fields, and concentrate financial resources to ensure the capital needs of major government investment projects. Standardize and orderly promote the cooperation mode of government and social capital, and attract more social capital to participate in the investment, construction and operation of urban sub-center infrastructure and public services.

　　Sixteen, explore the reform of land management and utilization system, improve the level of intensive land use.

　　54. Optimize the transformation and utilization of existing land. Formulate policies related to the utilization of inefficient and idle state-owned land in urban sub-centers, explore effective ways to revitalize the utilization of existing land, vigorously revitalize the approved but unpaid and idle land resources, and promote the redevelopment and utilization of inefficient land. Explore the establishment of a recovery mechanism for idle state-owned land use rights and improve the overall utilization mechanism for vacated space. On the premise of meeting the requirements of land space planning and use control, we will promote the rational conversion of different industrial land types.

　　55. Promote the orderly supply of land. Optimize and improve the land bidding, auction and transfer system, promote the pre-application system for land use, intensify the reform of land use pre-examination and land use approval system, and formulate management measures for improving and optimizing the approval process for construction land in urban sub-centers. Establish and improve the dynamic monitoring mechanism of land market, rationally arrange the time sequence and structure of land supply, and ensure the balance between land supply and demand and the balance between occupation and residence. Formulate differentiated land supply methods and pricing mechanisms, and actively explore land transfer methods such as large-scale promotion, industrial access, qualification review, first rent and then let, first supply and first spread. Pilot the flexible annual transfer of industrial land, and explore the diversified supply mode of industrial land rental and sales. Strive for the overall support of the state to solve the balance index of cultivated land occupation and compensation for public welfare construction projects in urban sub-centers and surrounding areas.

　　56. Innovative land comprehensive utilization development model. Promote the implementation of the comprehensive land use model, study the comprehensive land use management mode with mixed land properties and compatible main functions, and explore the comprehensive utilization mechanism of above-ground and underground space. Explore the development mode of land comprehensive area and establish the sustainable construction and operation mechanism of "rail transit+land development". Actively use collective construction land to ensure the construction of supporting facilities in industrial integration and revitalize surrounding resources.

　　57. Optimize the collective land use policy. Make intensive use of collective land resources according to local conditions, support rural revitalization in combination with the industrial layout requirements of urban sub-centers, and study policies related to the transfer, lease and land development rights of collectively-operated construction land. On the basis of respecting villagers’ wishes, towns and villages with conditions and enthusiasm are encouraged to innovate in living types, land use forms, industrial development and residential areas, and adopt various measures to realize households’ residence. Give full consideration to the historical evolution of the homestead in Tongzhou District, and formulate reasonable and feasible policies and measures to solve the problems left over from the homestead history in combination with the specific work such as the registration of real estate and the establishment of a basically illegal construction area.

　　Seventeen, adhere to the positioning of "housing and not speculation", and promote the regional job-housing balance.

　　58. Increase the supply of multi-level housing. Adhere to the position that houses are used for living, not for speculation, and establish a housing supply system with the government as the main guarantee, the market as the main demand, and the basic principle of promoting the balance between occupation and housing. We will promote the supply of commercial housing in an orderly manner, strengthen market monitoring, early warning and market supervision, and continue to promote the steady and healthy development of the real estate market. Vigorously implement affordable housing projects, speed up the supporting construction of workers’ turnover houses and public rental houses, and implement shantytown renovation and resettlement housing projects such as Liuxiaocun in Zhangjiawan. Improve the system of allocation, management and withdrawal of shared property housing, and realize the orderly circulation of shared property housing resources among families without houses. Through the supply of residential land, joint transfer with commercial housing plots, and the use of land owned by state-owned enterprises, the land supply for shared property housing will be increased.

　　59. Vigorously develop the housing rental market. Separate land use plan, increase land supply, support the use of collectively operated construction land, idle land owned by enterprises and institutions, supporting land for industrial parks and idle houses in stock to build affordable rental housing, and support the transformation of non-residential housing into affordable rental housing through "commercial to rent" and "industrial to rent". Further standardize the management of the housing rental market, establish a rental operation supervision platform, strengthen rental guidance and professional management and operation, and maintain the order of the housing rental market.

　　Eighteen, adhere to the overall leadership of the party, strengthen the protection of cadres.

　　60. Adhere to the overall leadership of the Party. Put the party’s political construction in the first place, run through the whole process of high-quality development of the city’s sub-centers, strengthen the "four consciousnesses", strengthen the "four self-confidences" and achieve the "two maintenances" to ensure that the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee are implemented to the letter in Beijing. Strengthen the leadership responsibilities and implementation responsibilities of party organizations at all levels, and include the "Opinions" and the implementation of this implementation plan in the annual key issues of party committees (party groups). Strictly implement the party’s main responsibility and supervision responsibility in an all-round way, and constantly improve the level of building a clean and honest government.

　　61. Strengthen the construction of cadres. Fully implement the party’s organizational line in the new era, continuously strengthen the construction of cadres, and improve the working level and professional ability of leading bodies and cadres at all levels in urban sub-centers to grasp reform, promote development and ensure stability. We will implement the three-year action plan for the construction of the cadre team in the city sub-center, encourage the municipal government cadres with firm politics and skilled business to post and serve in the city sub-center, encourage the cadres to be bold and take responsibility, and provide support for the construction and development of the sub-center.

　　Nineteen, strengthen the implementation of security, strengthen the implementation of responsibility.

　　62. Establish an organizational guarantee system. The leading group for the construction of the city sub-center of the municipal party committee and municipal government will strengthen the leadership over the high-quality development of the city sub-center, hold regular meetings to listen to the "Opinions" and the implementation of this implementation plan, and make work arrangements. The Management Committee of the Party Working Committee of the City Sub-center will strengthen overall coordination and promote the early implementation, early implementation and early effectiveness of major policies, major projects and major reform pilots. Innovate the management system and mechanism of city sub-centers, increase municipal empowerment, implement a relatively centralized administrative licensing pilot, and further expand the scope of municipal empowerment and clarify a new round of empowerment list around land management, investment and financing system reform, industrial development, talent introduction, scientific and technological innovation, financial services, urban governance, regional coordination, opening up and local standards formulation. All relevant departments at the municipal level shall take the initiative, blaze new trails, and implement the work related to promoting the high-quality development of city sub-centers around this implementation plan, combined with their respective division of responsibilities. Tongzhou District has earnestly fulfilled its territorial responsibilities and strengthened coordination and cooperation with municipal departments to form a joint force. The supervision office of the municipal party Committee and the municipal government strengthened supervision and inspection and continued to promote the implementation of the work.

　　63. Strengthen the leading role of major tasks and projects. Formulate the implementation plan for the construction of the national green development demonstration zone of the city sub-center, the establishment plan for the integrated high-quality development demonstration zone of Tongzhou District and three northern counties, and the establishment plan for the management organization, and take the construction of the national green development demonstration zone and the integrated high-quality development demonstration zone as an important starting point for promoting the high-quality development of the city sub-center. Focusing on the development goals and key tasks put forward in the implementation plan, we will systematically plan, make overall arrangements and carefully screen a number of major investment projects with a certain scale in infrastructure, people’s livelihood improvement, industrial development and other fields, covering key functional areas, and promote the overall development level of urban sub-centers. Always put the quality of the project first, scientifically and reasonably arrange the construction sequence, continuously improve the comprehensive carrying capacity and operational efficiency of the city, and create the "quality of the city sub-center". All relevant departments at the municipal level should intervene in advance, take the initiative to serve, strengthen guidance, and give priority to the major projects of the city sub-center in terms of land supply arrangement, planning and construction indicators, and funding arrangements.

　　64. Strengthen news propaganda and public opinion guidance. Focusing on promoting the high-quality development of urban sub-centers, we will carry out multi-channel, multi-level and multi-angle publicity reports, deeply interpret the connotation and significance of policies, and inform the society of development prospects, policy advantages and reform measures in a package to expand awareness. Propaganda departments and online information departments should strengthen public opinion monitoring analysis and guide relevant departments to respond to social concerns in a timely manner.